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Chemistry > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What gas was early earth’s atmosphere mainly

A

Carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Why was early earths atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide

A

Volcanoes
No plants
No oceans to absorb CO2

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3
Q

What is the greenhouse effect

A

Gases in atmosphere absorb heat radiating from Earth
Heats up the atmosphere

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4
Q

Why do longer hydrocarbon chains have higher boiling points

A

Stronger intermolecular forces
More energy needed to overcome

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5
Q

(Fractionating column) Purposes of Gas

A

Heating
Cooking

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6
Q

(Fractionating column) Purposes of petrol

A

Car fuel

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7
Q

(Fractionating column) Purposes of Kerosene

A

Plane fuel

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8
Q

(Fractionating column) Purposes of Bitumen

A

Roads

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9
Q

(Fractionating column) Purposes of Diesel

A

Fuel for cars

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10
Q

(Fractionating column) Purposes of Fuel Oil

A

Fuel for LARGE SHIPS
Power stations

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11
Q

Why are shorter hydrocarbon chains less viscous

A

Weaker intermolecular forces

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12
Q

Why are shorter hydrocarbons more flammable

A

Vaporise more easily -> easier ignition

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13
Q

Why is carbon monoxide harmful

A

Prevents red blood cells from carrying oxygen

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14
Q

How is acid rain formed from burning fuels

A

Sulfur impurity in fuel
Forms Sulfur dioxide when burned
Sulfur dioxide dissolves in clouds
Forming SULFURIC ACID

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15
Q

Pros of hydrogen fuel

A

Renewable resource
Only produces water

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16
Q

Cons of hydrogen fuel

A

Expensive to produce
Uses a lot of space (low density)
EXPLOSIVE

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17
Q

Why are smaller hydrocarbons useful

A

BETTER FUELS
Ignite more easily
Lower boiling point

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18
Q

Difference between addition and condensation polymerisation

A

Addition - Small molecule formed (ALKENES)
Condensation- No small molecule (ALKANES)

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19
Q

What is one way for hydrogen to be obtained for hydrogen fuel

Study These Flashcards
A

Electrolysis of water

20
Q

Define activation energy

Study These Flashcards
A

Minimum energy needed for particles to react

21
Q

Difference between a saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon

Study These Flashcards
A

Saturated - Only SINGLE
Unsaturated - DOUBLE bond present

22
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

Study These Flashcards
A

Unsaturated
Have double bonds

23
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

Study These Flashcards
A

Saturated
No double bonds

24
Q

Formula for Alkenes

25
Formula for Alkanes
Cn H2n+2
26
How do we test for alkenes
Mix with bromine water Goes colourless
27
Why do alkenes decolour bromine water
Bromine molecules add to the double bond Forms a colourless compound
28
How to test for chlorine
Place damp blue litmus paper in gas It will go RED then BLEACH WHITE
29
Explain the full fermentation of glucose
Dissolve in water in a flask Add yeast and a bung Put in a water bath When bubbling stops, filter out yeast
30
What does having an OPEN Bunsen burner lead to
Oxygen can enter Allows for complete combustion BLUE FLAME
31
What does having a CLOSED Bunsen burner lead to
Less oxygen can enter Incomplete combustion takes place ORANGE FLAME
32
What are the differences in CAUSES between incomplete and complete combustion
Incomplete - In limited oxygen Complete - In plentiful oxygen
33
What are the differences in EFFECTS between incomplete and complete combustion
Complete - More energy, Less pollution Incomplete - Less energy, Pollution
34
How to test for chloride ions
Add nitric acid Add silver nitrate White precipitate forms
35
Effect of temperature on equilibrium
High favours ENDOTHERMIC Low favours EXOTHERIMIC
36
Effect of pressure on equilibrium
High pressure favours FEWER MOLES Low pressure favours MORE MOLES
37
Effect of concentration on equilibrium
High concentration of reactant favoured Low concentration of reactant not favoured
38
Phenolpthalein is what colours in acid and alkali
Colourless in acid Pink in alkali
39
Methyl orange is what colours in acid and alkali
Red in acid Yellow in alkali
40
Uses of nanoparticles
Sunscreens Nanomedicines Sports equipment
41
Why are nanoparticle used in sunscreens
Provide better protection (high sf area) Don’t leave white marks
42
Why are nano particles used in nanomedicines
Small particles are absorbed more easily by the body
43
Why are nanoparticles used in sport equipment
Add strength but not much mass
44
Why are nano particles used in nanomedicines
Small particles are absorbed more easily by the body
45
What is a possible risk of using nanoparticles
Long term effects of use arent known

Chemistry (3 decks)

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