Paper 2

Question 1

Hazan and Shaver

Answer 1

love quiz

3 types of lovers:

• Avoidant - fear of intimacy, emotional highs and lows, jealousy
• Ambivilant - obsession, emotional highs and lows, extreme sextual attraction, jealousy
• Secure - trusting, happy, friendly

Question 2

Bowlby

Answer 2

• children with maternal deprivation showed long term effects of affectionless psychopathy
• 44 juvenile theives and 44 normal control
• interviewed and tested
• more than hald of theives had been separated from mother in early childhood

Question 3

Rutter

Answer 3

Romanian adoption study

• those adopted before 6 months had avg IQ go from 63 to 107
• Those adopted after 6 moths had avg IQ go from 45 to 90

Question 4

Piaget

Answer 4

When children decenter

Question 5

Hart and risley

Answer 5

linguistic development

• variousl ecomnic class families
• majority of words used by children were dervivded from parents vocab
• low income families had half as much experience ad working class families

Question 6

yehuda

Answer 6

NPY and resilience

• soldiers not exposed to combat
• soldiers exposed to combat but no PTSD
• soldiers exposed + PTSD

non PTSD exposed soldiers had high levels of NPY

soldiers not exposed and PTSD soldier had similar levels

NPY = resilience

Question 7

Four childhood attachments

Answer 7

• *Secure** - seek comfort from attachment figure
• *Avoidant -** shut off their needs for attachment
• *Ambivalent** - have difficulty being soothed
• *Disorganised** - behave in contradictory ways that reflect their difficulty predicting or understanding the way their attachment figures will behave

Question 8

Attachment

Answer 8

the enduring emotional ties children form with their primary caregivers; it includes a desire for proximity to an attached figure, a sense of security derived from the person’s presence and feelings of distress when the person is absent.

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure

Question 10

Accommodation

Answer 10

In the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality

Question 11

egocentricism

Answer 11

in Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 12

object permanence

Answer 12

recognition that things continue to exist even though hidden from sight; infants generally gain this after 3 to 7 months of age

Question 13

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

Answer 13

individual development cannot be understood without reference to social and cultural context

Question 14

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 14

Sensorimotor (0-2 years)

Peroperational (2-7 years)

Concrete operational (7-11 years)

Formal Operational (11-15 years)

Question 15

Sensory motor stage

Answer 15

baby goes from instintual actions to contructing knowledge via cordination of sensory experiences

Question 16

Preoperational Stage

Answer 16

• thinking is intuitive
• shows egocentrism
• lack of object perminance

Question 17

Concrete Operational

Answer 17

children gain the mental operations that allow them to think logically about real or “concrete” events

Question 18

Formal Operational

Answer 18

the ability to think logically about abstact concepts

Question 19

healthy childhood characterizations

Answer 19

loving caregivers, adequite nutrition, sensory and cognitive stimulation, and linguistic imput

Question 20

Nurnberger and Gershon

Answer 20

• 7 twin studies
• found that depression was significantly more common among MZ twins (65%) than DZ twins (14%)

Question 21

Teuting

Answer 21

• participants with depression were asked to provide a urine sample
• significantly lower level of serotonin in unrine of depressed people than urine of non depressed people
• break down of serotonin is correlated with depression.

Question 22

Erinosho and Ayonride

Answer 22

• tribesmen from the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria given information about people with skitzo
• 40% of the tribe considered such a person to be mentally ill
• 30% said they would marry such a person

Question 23

Rosenhan

Answer 23

• sane in insane places
• participants told to complain about hearing voices
• after admitted they stopped simulating symptoms
• spent very little time with psychiatrists

Question 24

Becker

Answer 24

• influence of television on Fiji
• when TV first introduced girls given a survey on their eating and TV habits
• 2-3 years later given survey again
• girls who reported vomitting to control weight changed from 3% to 15%

Question 25

Kaye

Answer 25

* half participants with anorexia, half without * computer quiz and fMRI observation * anorexic participants has a more active anterior vental striatum

Question 26

Jenkins Hall

Answer 26

* European and American psychiatrist shown a clinical interviews of a white and black patient * participants asked to evaluate * attributed the amfrican american patien with more negative terms

Question 27

Seligiman

Answer 27

* learned helplessness * dog trapped in an eclosed area with floor lined with electrodes * dog was able to jump over a low wall where there were no electrodes * wall was raised so dog could not jumo over * when wall was lowered the dog did not attempt to jump over it even though it was capable

Question 28

Brown and Harris

Answer 28

* particiapants all women * compared women hospitalized for depression to a general population sample * 82% of depressed has a traumatic life event * only 33% of control has a traumatic life event

Question 29

Who developed attachment theory

Answer 29

Bowlby

Question 30

**love quiz** 3 types of lovers: * **Avoidant** - fear of intimacy, emotional highs and lows, jealousy * **Ambivilant** - obsession, emotional highs and lows, extreme sextual attraction, jealousy * **Secure** - trusting, happy, friendly

Answer 30

Hazan and Shaver

Question 31

* children with maternal deprivation showed long term effects of affectionless psychopathy * 44 juvenile theives and 44 normal control * interviewed and tested * more than hald of theives had been separated from mother in early childhood

Answer 31

Bowlby

Question 32

Romanian adoption study * those adopted before 6 months had avg IQ go from 63 to 107 * Those adopted after 6 moths had avg IQ go from 45 to 90

Answer 32

Rutter

Question 33

When children decenter

Answer 33

Piaget

Question 34

linguistic development * variousl ecomnic class families * majority of words used by children were dervivded from parents vocab * low income families had half as much experience ad working class families

Answer 34

Hart and risley

Question 35

NPY and resilience * soldiers not exposed to combat * soldiers exposed to combat but no PTSD * soldiers exposed + PTSD non PTSD exposed soldiers had high levels of NPY soldiers not exposed and PTSD soldier had similar levels NPY = resilience

Answer 35

yehuda

Question 36

* 7 twin studies * found that depression was significantly more common among MZ twins (65%) than DZ twins (14%)

Answer 36

Nurnberger and Gershon

Question 37

* participants with depression were asked to provide a urine sample * significantly lower level of serotonin in unrine of depressed people than urine of non depressed people * break down of serotonin is correlated with depression.

Answer 37

Teuting

Question 38

* tribesmen from the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria given information about people with skitzo * 40% of the tribe considered such a person to be mentally ill * 30% said they would marry such a person

Answer 38

Erinosho and Ayonride

Question 39

* sane in insane places * participants told to complain about hearing voices * after admitted they stopped simulating symptoms * spent very little time with psychiatrists

Answer 39

Rosenhan

Question 40

* influence of television on Fiji * when TV first introduced girls given a survey on their eating and TV habits * 2-3 years later given survey again * girls who reported vomitting to control weight changed from 3% to 15%

Answer 40

Becker

Question 41

* half participants with anorexia, half without * computer quiz and fMRI observation * anorexic participants has a more active anterior vental striatum

Answer 41

Kaye

Question 42

* European and American psychiatrist shown a clinical interviews of a white and black patient * participants asked to evaluate * attributed the amfrican american patien with more negative terms

Answer 42

Jenkins Hall

Question 43

* learned helplessness * dog trapped in an eclosed area with floor lined with electrodes * dog was able to jump over a low wall where there were no electrodes * wall was raised so dog could not jumo over * when wall was lowered the dog did not attempt to jump over it even though it was capable

Answer 43

Seligiman

Question 43

* particiapants all women * compared women hospitalized for depression to a general population sample * 82% of depressed has a traumatic life event * only 33% of control has a traumatic life event

Answer 43

Brown and Harris