Paper 2: Approaches Flashcards
Humanistic:
Conditions of worth
Conditions imposed on an individuals behaviour and development that are considered necessary to earn positive regard from significant others
Humanistic:
Congruence
If there is similarity between a persons ideal self and self image a state of congruence exists. A difference represents a state of incongruence
Humanistic:
Free Will
The ability to act at ones discretion (choose how to behave without being influenced by external forces)
Humanistic:
Hierarchy of needs
The motivational theory proposed by Maslow which is often displayed as a pyramid. It’s shows the levels of basic needs lowest at the bottom and highest at the top
Humanistic:
Humanistic
Belief that human beings are born with the desire to grow, create and love and have the power to direct their own lives
Humanistic:
Self (or self concept)
How we perceive ourselves
Humanistic:
Self-actualisation
The drive to realise ones true potential (final stage of the hierarchy of needs)
Psychodynamic:
Defence mechanisms
Unconscious strategies that protect our conscious mind from anxiety to help us cope in a situation
Psychodynamic:
Unconscious mind
The part of the mind inaccessible to conscious thought.
Actively prevents traumatic events/memories from reaching conscious awareness
Psychodynamic:
Structure of personality (the psyche)
Made up of three structures:
The Id
The ego
The superego
Psychodynamic:
The id
The pleasure principle operated in the unconscious mind that demands instant gratification
Psychodynamic:
The ego
The reality principle and is the mediator between the id and superego
Psychodynamic:
The superego
Internalised right and wrong based on morality principle which causes feelings of guilt
Psychodynamic:
What are the 5 psychosexual stages?
Oral 0-2 Anal 2-3 Phallic 3-6 Latent 6-12 Genital 12+
Psychodynamic:
In which stages can a fixation occur
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Psychodynamic:
Oral 0-2
Pleasure comes from the mouth
Psychodynamic:
Anal 2-3
Gain pleasure from the passing of faeces and they learn control eg potty training
Psychodynamic:
Phallic 3-6
Genitals
Become aware of gender differences
Oedipus / Electra complex
females have lower moral standards than men
Psychodynamic:
Latent 6-12
Previous stages are repressed so you cannot remember them
Mastery of children’s world
Psychodynamic:
Genital 12+
Sexual drives for the id is reawaken and remainder of life is spent dedicated to the pursuit of sex and sexual relationships
Psychodynamic:
Consequence of unresolved conflict in the oral stage
Pleasure gained from oral activities such as sucking and biting
Psychodynamic:
Consequence of unresolved conflict in the anal stage
Anally retentive: control freak,obsessive, tidiness,meanness
Anally explusive: disorganisation,untidiness,excessive generosity
Psychodynamic:
Consequence of unresolved conflict in the Phallic stage
Men:
Feelings of anxiety and guilt about sex,fear of castration,self-obsession and narcissism
Women:
Feelings of inferiority and penis envy
Biological:
Gene
Chromosome of a organism that carries DNA
