Paper 3: Issues And Debates Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is gender bias?
If research is biased towards men or women
Eg
attachment-female based
What is Androcentrism?
A dominantly male perspective known as a andocentric bias.
It is a consequence of beta-bias
What is Alpha Bias?
The differences between males and females are exaggerated.
Eg Freuds theory
What is Beta Bias?
The differences between males and females minimised.
Eg Asch, Milgram and Zimbardo never tested on females
What is Universality?
The aim to develop theories that apply to all people which may include real differences
What is Culture bias?
The tendency to judge all people in terms of your own cultural assumptions which may distort or biases your judgement
Eg applying findings from Americans onto the rest of the world
What is Ethnocentrism?
Seeing things from the point of view of ourselves and our social group. Evaluating other groups of people using the standards and customs of ones own culture
What is Cultural Relativism?
The view that behaviour can not be judged properly unless it is viewed in the context of the culture in which it originates
What is ethical implication of research?
Consider the impact or consequences research has on society
What is socially sensitive research?
Research that that tackles taboo subjects and could have negative impacts on certain groups in society or society in general
Eg mental health, children (attachment), race, sexuality and gender
What is Free will?
The power to make your own choices
What is determinism?
Proposes that free will has no place in explaining behaviour
What is hard determinism?
No free will
All behaviour can be predicted
What is Soft Determinism?
Some free will allowed
What is Biological determinism?
Behaviour can be caused genetics such as mental disorders
We have no control over our physiological and neurological processes
What is Environmental determinism?
Argues that behaviour is the result of conditioning and our choice is merely reinforcement and our behaviour is shaped by environmental processes
What is Psychic determinism?
Behaviour is the result of biological drives and instincts
What are Causal Explanations?
The idea that behaviours have a cause which can lead to scientific implications
Can we establish cause and effect
What is nature?
Behaviour that is a product of biological or genetic factors (innate)
What is heredity?
Traits passed down generations
(Inherit)
Eg OCD COMT and SERT Gene
What is nurture?
Behaviour due to environmental factors
Eg social learning theory
Eg Pavlov’s dogs (conditioning)
What is the interactionist approach?
Both nature and nurture work together to shape behaviour
Biological vulnerability but may take a environmental trigger therefore both contribute to behaviour
Eg
• Aggression
• Mental Health
• Schizophrenia
What is a Holistic approach?
Analysing a person or behaviour as a whole and behaviour should not be broken up or simplified
Eg humanistic and Freud
What is reductionism?
Analysing behaviour by breaking it down into simplistic parts to understand (one explanation)
Eg hormones
