Paper 2 Chinese Civil War Flashcards
(21 cards)
Boxer Rebellion (date and brief description)
1899-1901, violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian, and anti-imperialist uprising
1911 Revolution brief description
Overthrew the Qing dynasty (had been in place for 200 years)-AKA Xinhai revolution
When was the Chinese Republic formed and who was the president
1912, Sun-Yat Sen
what happened to the Chinese republic in 1914
Yuan Shikai established a military dictatorship and proclaimed himself emperor. Completely dismantled the whole idea of the republic
Warlord period (date)
1916-1927
May Fourth Movement date and brief description of cause and effect
1919
-Caused by disappointment with treaty of Versailles, which exposed govt weakness and willingness to submit to foriegn powers
-massive protests for change in regional divisions weak govt. and weak economy
-led to CCP
Opium Wars (date and effect)
1839-42, 1856-60, Resulted in china signing unfair treaties in with Br and Fr
-Foreign powers competing for influence (colonies) in China
ST First United front (date and reason of formation)
1923-1927, to reunify China and defeat the Warlords
When did Sun Yat-Sen die and what were the effects?
1925, divided GMD into left and right wings which were led by Wang Jingwei and Hu Hanmin respectively. The REAL power was held by Jiang Jieshi who controlled the army
How did Jiang Jieshi view the communists?
-alien philosophy
-more of a threat to trad Chinese values than the Japanese
What and when was the trigger of the war
Shanghai Massacre, 1927
Describe the Shanghai Massacre
GMD wanted to control Shanghai and defeat the CCP. It was growing too much, so Jiang ordered the suppression of a communist strike which led to 5000-10 000 communist killed
First Phase of the war date
1927-1937
Second Sino-Japanese war date
1937-1945
Third Phase of the war
1945-49
Why were the communists able to survive during the first phase?
First phase: 1927-37
-Small groups were nimble and fast-moving
-Key leaders were not killed because they were organized in smaller groups that were harder to target
-STRATEGIC RETREATS
->they knew when to stop fighting and RUN
-CCP was able to CONSERVE their forces throughout the 1st phase
-CCP was attractive to gangs, GMD deserters, peasants
What impacts did the Second Sino-Japanese war have on the Civil war?
Second Sino-Japanese war: 1937-45
-GMD lose supplies and forces because they did most of the fighting (this wasn’t completely in their control-they had the army and controlled the cities)
->weakens GMD greatly
-USA aid to GMD
-CCP GAIN from the break
->they are able to recruit peasants
How was the Soviet Union involved?
-Very minimally, their “involvement” was staying OUT of it
-EX. Japanese Soviet Neutrality pact 1941
-EX. Retreating from Manchuria after defeating the Japanese in 1945
-VERY neutral throughout the whole war, but they funded the CCP a little bit
-Let CCP have Japanese resources in Manchuria
Why did the Soviet Union not support the CCP more?
Different forms of communism Leninism/Marxism vs Maoism
->the idea of Maoism undermined the soviets idea of a world communist revolution after WWI
-Did not want a two front issue-they were already dealing with conflict in Europe
Long March (date and description)
1935-36, Mao and the red army retreat from Jiangxi province all the way north to Shaanxi province to escape the GMD
Lost 80 000 people
Was there conflict within the CCP?
Yes, a little. In the long March (1935-36), Mao’s leadership was questioned
Ex. Zhāng Guótāo didnt want to keep going North
