Paper 2 Spanish Civil War Flashcards
(28 cards)
ST CAUSE: Give an overview of the Second Republic
DATE: 1931-1939
LEADER: Zamora (liberal)
Constantly changing political ideology
ST CAUSE: Give an overview of the left republic
DATE: 1931-33
LEADER: Azaña
Left leaning
ST CAUSE: Give an overview of the Right Republic
DATE: 1933-36
LEADER: Lerroux (moderate)
Right wing–coalition
Though Lerroux was the prime minister during the time of the right Republic, another significant figure was Gil Robles, the head of CEDA. He was not selected as prime minister due to his and his party’s position as extreme right wing
DATE: Popular front
DATE: 1936-39
LEADER: Azaña
Left leaning–coalition
Who supplied the Nationalists with resources?
Italy and Germany
What advantage did the republicans have at the beginning of the war?
More domestic resources. The republicans, as the government, held banks, land, gold and had the support of 60% of the people.
What were some of the Nationalists’ successful strategic plans to win the war?
- Bombing civilians and Republican cities
–> lower Republican morale, weaken Republican militia
–>allowed Germany to test the Luftwaffe
–> Significant: Guernica
-Encirclement of Madrid
-Bombing- lowering the moral
-Control of naval ports
-Targetting of the Basques
-Cutting off Catalonia
In what ways was the Spanish civil war similar to WW1?
War of attrition–in many ways the war was determined by defense and resources. Especially on the republican side, resources were depleted very quickly, leaving the Nationalists with a significant advantage as they had practically unlimited supplies from Italy and Germany.
Total war–all resources and daily life was put towards war on either side
Naval blockades
Propaganda
In what ways did the Spanish civil war anticipate WW2?
Use of aircraft
Civilian bombing
–> Lack of distinction between civilian and soldier
Urban warfare
GO EDIT THIS ONE
Provide examples of human and economic resources that were mobilized by the Nationalists during the Spanish civil war
Conscription
-around 40% of Spain’s population supported the Nationalists
Nationalists had fewer domestic resources (mostly rural grain), but they were able to get supplies from Germany and Italy
Franco was very adept at coordinating resources–quick mobilization
Provide examples of human and economic resources that were mobilized by the Republicans during the Spanish civil war
Conscription
–> around 60% of Spain’s population was loyal to the Republic
Military/police were in theory on the Republican’s side
Abundance of domestic resources-gold, silver, land, banks-however, they struggled to convert this into usable war materials
Could not get much international help
1. Non-intervention treaty (1937)
2. They were being encircled and couldn’t access ports or borders
International brigades !!
–>volunteers from overseas
–>not even soldiers !?
LT CAUSE: Absolute monarch is restored in Spain by French intervention forces (date)
1820
LT CAUSE: Carlist wars (date)
1833-39, 1846-49, 1872-76
LT CAUSE: Give a brief overview of the Carlist wars
1833-39, to prevent female succession. Army intervened to defeat Carlist, Carlists remained as a strong conservation force
1846-49 minor Catalan uprising–contributes to ideas of seperatism present in the civil war
1872-79 monarchy is overthrown and then reinstated by the army
LT CAUSE: Give a brief overview of the constitutional monarchy (+date)
1875-1918, system is just as corrupt as with a complete monarchy, and most wealth is in the hands of wealthy oligarchs
LT CAUSE: How did the Carlist wars anticipate the Civil War?
-Traditional Catholicism against modern capitalism
-regional independence against central control
-political liberalism against conservative monarchism
OVERALL very deep divisions within Spain from as early as 1820, mostly starts in 1869 with the 3rd Carlist war
LT CAUSE: What happened from 1869-1874 regarding Spains monarchy?
1869-70 Anarchist Revolt (LW)
1873-74 First Republic established and monarchy is overthrown (LW)
1874 The Army restores monarchy (RW, moderate)
ST CAUSE: Give an overview of General Primo de Rivera dicatorship (+date)
-1923-30, RW militaristic dicatatorship. Traditionalist, favours elites, conservative.
-Provided some stability
Rise of the left (date and define):
PSOE
UGT
CNT
PSOE: Spanish Socialist Workers party–est. 1879
UGT: Unión General de Trabajadores (major trade union)–est. 1882
CNT: National confederation of labour (anarchist worker union)–est. 1910
How many major left wing political parties were there?
8, as opposed to only 2 major right wing parties
Why was the Catholic church more right leaning?
-Deeply linked with the power of the state
-Held powerful positions with old govt.
-Alarmed by anti-clericalism, anarchism and socialism
What side of the political spectrum was the army aligned with and why?
Right Wing
-aligned with church and landowners
-already had a lot of political influence
-in 1931 the army reels very threatened by the 2nd republic (very anti-militaristic policies)
For how long have regions in Spain fought and tried to maintain their own languages and identities (seperatism)
Since 1400
What was a significant region that fought for independence?
Catalonia–they were repeatedly given independence and then had it taken away
