Paper 2 review

Question 1

Chain migration

Answer 1

Where people from a particular location follow others from the same source region who have moved to the same destination

Question 2

Positive impacts on origin

Answer 2

Remittances are a major source of income
Eased unemployment and underemployment
Reduced pressure on services
Return migrants bring new skills
Reduces waste
Decrease political conflict and tension

Question 3

Negative impacts on origin

Answer 3

Returning migrants question traditions
Brain drain
Ageing population
Agricultural output suffers
Under population
Smaller workforce for conservation
Dependence on remittances
Laws to grow workforce

Question 4

Positive impacts on destination

Answer 4

Increase in labour
Migrants bring new skills
Increase cultural diversity
Reduced population ageing
Migrants contribute to society
Larger workforce for conservation
Migrants do unwanted jobs
Strong ties between countries

Question 5

Negative impacts on destination

Answer 5

Take jobs from established people
Pressure on services
Ethnic tensions
Larger impact on environment
Conflict between nationals and migrants
Dependence on migrant workers
International disputes
Laws to limit population

Question 6

Positive impacts on migrants

Answer 6

Higher wages
Wider job opportunities
Can develop new skills
Support through remittances
Can learn a new language
Better quality of life

Question 7

Negative impacts on migrants

Answer 7

High financial cost of migration
Separation from family
Assimilation problems
Migrants exploited by employers
Hazardous journeys especially when illegal

Question 8

Advantages of out of town shopping centres

Answer 8

Individual shops can offer a greater range of goods when in large shops
New developments are attractive
On the edge of town reduces environmental pressure on city centres
Space so shops aren’t cramped
Large so can sell a lot of goods at lower prices
On the edge of town so land price is lower and cost of development is down
Free parking
Accessible by car
New jobs created short and long term

Question 9

Disadvantages of out of town shopping centres

Answer 9

Loss of personal touch
Small/family businesses can’t compete with MNCs
Destroy habitats
Increase in impermeable surfaces may cause more flooding and decrease water quality
Lead to pollution and environmental problems
Many jobs created are unskilled
Only help those with cars
Congestion
Destroy lots of undeveloped greenfield sites
May take trade away from city centres are cause a fall in CBD sales