Paper 2: Russia Flashcards

Question

Kornilov Revolt

Answer 1

started when Kornilov opposed the will of Kerensky Kerensky wanted him to boost army morale Kornilov wanted martial law + break power of soviets Kerensky saw this as a threat to his own power Kornilov dismissed, sent troops to Petrograd Kornilov did not succeed Bolsheviks called in to help: 10 000 Red Guards defended the city railway workers did not let Kornilov's troops in Kornilov's troops were easily persuaded to desert their officers and mutiny Kornilov arrested on 1 September

Answer 2

Bolsheviks seized control Trotsky used the Military Revolutionary Committee and small, disciplined groups to take control over parts of the city like canal bridges, railway system, telegraph office, army headquarters State bank seized Red Guards + soldiers climbed into the Winter Palace and arrested PG members Council of people's commissars set up there was no resistance to their takeover PG members gave up when they were found: no need for fighting Kerensky fled no opposition from civilians, businesses kept running other party members disapproved that they took it by force risking a civil war, walked out in protest until bolshevik party was the only one left

Answer 3

``` return to Russia from Switzerland April theses Bolsheviks could not agree but Lenin simply convinced them it was the right time Failure of PG Kornilov revolt weakened Army lost discipline Peasants were seizing land all over Russia Germans advancing ```

Answer 4

organiser Hero amongst the socialist President of Petrograd Soviet gave bolsheviks control of MRC Trotsky helped better public opinion as it was soviets and Bolsheviks taking power

Answer 5

improved lives of workers and minorities decree on workers rights 8H work day, 48H work week insurance for workers: unemployment, injury or sick holidays and overtime rules decree on nationalities allowed minority groups like ukrainians to create their own government, had more freedom had limited effect decree on land legalised something that already had happened allowed landowners, church and tsar land to be handed over to the peasants decree on work workers to legally control the factories decree on peace unrealistic as germany did not want easy negotiations

Answer 6

government formed from many political parties dominated by Social Revolutionaries with 53% of the votes, because they had peasant support and same goals (land) Bolsheviks took up just under a quarter of the votes, from people in cities, Petrograd, Moscow minority made of Mensheviks and Kadets closed down very quickly Lenin was not happy with the results as it meant Bolshevik would lose power claimed that the Assembly was not the will of everybody when they rejected the Decrees and all power to the soviets with majority of 100 votes claimed that it was full of counter-revolution capitalists all political parties arrested and banned with the assembly Red guards brought in to stop opening

Answer 7

signed to end the war for Russia Lenin demanded that Trotsky achieve peace at all means as the Russian army could not face a civil war and a war with Germany: revolution would be over other allies did not participate, Russia negotiated on their own Germany stopped the invasion of Russia in March ``` extremely harsh terms Germans knew Russians were desperate, asked for a lot 75% of coal mining areas gone 50% of industry 25% of farmland, population 300M gold roubles ```

Answer 8

a war between Bolsheviks and all parties that opposed it Bolsheviks used the Red Army, known as the Reds, led by Trotsky Opposition to Bolsheviks included mono archists, social revolutionary and constituent assembly supporters, minorities, known as the Whites, no leader Britain supported whites with intention of bringing them back into the war the Bolsheviks won Whites never got to Moscow, the capital city counterattacks + disagreements caused them to split Red Army defeated the White Army, led by General Wrangel in the final battle Greens defeated by poison gas in the forest

Answer 9

made up of different groups fighting reds - Siberian army led by admiral kolchak - attacking reds from Estonia and in the south by the kadets

Answer 10

- peasant armies | - anarchist Nestor makhno

Answer 11

Trotsky as war commissar as he organised the red army Czech region took control of the trans Siberian rail road Royal family killed Lenin shot by Kaplan who is a socialist revolutionary, shoots him as he put down the constituent assembly

Answer 12

created to help the Red Army in the civil war to keep Bolsheviks in power needed supplies and weapons, needed food living conditions of Red Army prioritised targets set, factory production switched to for the army, requisitioning to the army factories were state owned, target goals for peasants and workers, set by Supreme Economic Council maintained with force strikes were banned violence against peasants, especially those who hid their grain were shot Cheka imprisoned and unfairly executed those who did not follow it

Answer 13

started with discontent of the navy although they were the most loyal to Bolsheviks angered by imprisonment and execution of Cheka- believed they were betrayed by "all power to soviets" promise bourgeois had more food and lived in better houses lack of freedom bread rationing was cut 15 000 soldiers mutinied ``` stopped by the Red Army by force 50 000 sent out to Gulf of Finland to fight the mutineers on ice 8000 escaped to Finland 500 executed for rebelling fighting till 17 March restored under government control ```

Answer 14

reversed war communism capitalistic ideas free market: nepmen trading, peasants selling crops requisitioning ended privately owned businesses and factories 200 000 experts from Canada and USA came to suggest how to improve factories improved the economy peasants grew more food: more motivated: become richer grain increased by 10M tonnes steel production increased from 180 000 to 700 000 profit gained from small businesses who could sell goods to countryside who needed clothes, shoes 2 to 4.6M roubles

Paper 2: Russia Flashcards

(38 cards)