Paper 2 Specific Revison

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains genetic material and controls cell activities.

Question 2

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 2

Site of most chemical reactions.

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 4

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 4

Site of aerobic respiration.

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 5

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 6

Name two structures found only in plant cells.

Answer 6

Cell wall and chloroplasts.

Question 7

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 7

Site of photosynthesis.

Question 8

Define diffusion.

Answer 8

The movement of particles from a high to low concentration.

Question 9

Define osmosis.

Answer 9

The diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 10

Define active transport.

Answer 10

Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy.

Question 11

What are the two circuits in a double circulatory system?

Answer 11

Heart → lungs → heart and heart → body → heart.

Question 12

Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

Answer 12

The right side.

Question 13

What is the role of valves in the heart?

Answer 13

Prevent backflow of blood.

Question 14

How are arteries adapted for their function?

Answer 14

Thick walls, small lumen, high pressure.

Question 15

How are veins adapted for their function?

Answer 15

Thin walls, large lumen, valves.

Question 16

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 16

Exchange of substances.

Question 17

What carries oxygen in red blood cells?

Answer 17

Haemoglobin.

Question 18

What are the two main types of white blood cells?

Answer 18

Phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 19

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 19

Carries CO₂, urea, glucose, hormones, etc.

Question 20

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.

Question 21

What is produced in anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Answer 21

Lactic acid and less energy.

Question 22

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 22

Extra oxygen needed to break down lactic acid.

Question 23

What are producers?

Answer 23

Organisms (like plants) that make their own food via photosynthesis.

Question 24

What do primary consumers eat?

Answer 24

Producers.

Question 25

What do decomposers do?

Answer 25

Break down dead organisms and waste.

Question 26

What do arrows in a food chain represent?

Answer 26

The flow of energy.

Question 27

Why is only 10% of energy transferred between trophic levels?

Answer 27

Most is lost as heat, movement, or waste.

Question 28

Name two processes that release CO₂ in the carbon cycle.

Answer 28

Respiration and combustion.

Question 29

What process removes CO₂ from the atmosphere?

Answer 29

Photosynthesis.

Question 30

What conditions speed up decay?

Answer 30

Warmth, moisture, and oxygen.

Question 31

Give an example of water pollution.

Answer 31

Fertiliser runoff causing eutrophication.

Question 32

How does deforestation affect biodiversity?

Answer 32

Reduces it by destroying habitats.

Question 33

Name two conservation strategies.

Answer 33

Breeding programmes and protected areas.

Question 34

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 34

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.

Question 35

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 35

In chloroplasts (contains chlorophyll).

Question 36

Name 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis.

Answer 36

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature.

Question 37

What is the function of the xylem?

Answer 37

Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves (one-way).

Question 38

What is the function of the phloem?

Answer 38

Transports sugars (sucrose) up and down the plant (translocation).

Question 39

What is transpiration?

Answer 39

The loss of water vapour from plant leaves through the stomata.

Question 40

What environmental factors increase transpiration rate?

Answer 40

High temperature, low humidity, wind, increased light intensity.

Question 41

How are root hair cells adapted?

Answer 41

Large surface area for absorbing water and minerals.

Question 42

What do stomata do?

Answer 42

Allow gas exchange and water loss; can open/close via guard cells.

Question 43

What is homeostasis?

Answer 43

The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Question 44

What does insulin do?

Answer 44

Lowers blood glucose by triggering liver to store glucose as glycogen.

Question 45

What does glucagon do?

Answer 45

Raises blood glucose by triggering liver to convert glycogen into glucose.

Question 46

What is the function of adrenaline?

Answer 46

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' (increases heart rate, glucose release).

Question 47

What hormone triggers ovulation in females?

Answer 47

Luteinising hormone (LH).

Question 48

What hormone stimulates egg maturation?

Answer 48

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

Question 49

What is negative feedback?

Answer 49

A mechanism that reverses a change to maintain balance (e.g. body temp).

Question 50

How is body temperature regulated?

Answer 50

Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, sweating, shivering.

Question 51

How is water content controlled?

Answer 51

ADH increases reabsorption of water in kidneys when you're dehydrated.

Question 52

What is Type 1 diabetes caused by?

Answer 52

The pancreas producing little or no insulin.

Question 53

How is Type 1 diabetes treated?

Answer 53

Insulin injections and monitoring blood glucose levels.