Paper 4 essay plans

Question 1

Positive impacts of trade for exporting countries

Answer 1

It is cheaper, faster and more diverse
Increases GDP of country
Increases revenue for country
Allows country to reinvest this money in infrastructure
Provides employment for population which allows population to have greater spending capacity and standard of living
Leads to a better balance of payments

Question 2

Positive impacts of trade for importing countries

Answer 2

Allows countries to import products it cannot grow or extract
Allows for greater range of goods potentially at lower cost
Allows for industries to develop using imported raw materials which provides jobs
Allows for transport to occur within a country as many rely on import of oil

Question 3

WTOs main activities

Answer 3

Negotiating the reduction or elimination of barriers to trade
Agreeing on rules governing the conduct of international trade
Administering and monitoring the application of the agreed rules
Monitoring and reviewing the trade policies of members
Ensuring transparency of trade agreements
Settling disputes among members
Building the capacity of developing countries in international trade

Question 4

Criticisms of the WTO

Answer 4

Around the opening of new markets and removal of tariffs and quotas which enable competition from overseas producers into domestic markets and may challenge domestic production
In LICs/MICs producers do not benefit from the protection HICs had during industrialisation
Slow progress and cost of settling disputes

Question 5

Global patterns of trade

Answer 5

Dominance of HICs with majority of trade by HICs with other HICs
LICs have issues such as primary product dependency
Exports of HICs consist of more high tech and high value products
Trade is becoming more regionalised

Question 6

Factors influencing the global patterns of trade

Answer 6

Resource endowment
Locational advantage
Historical influences
Trade agreements
Changes in the global market
Green trade
The work of the WTO
Trade agreements and blocs
Protectionism and FDI in newly emerging markets

Question 7

Social impacts of tourism

Answer 7

Types of jobs
Cultural diversity
Education, skills and training
New facilities vs low wages
Seasonality
Cultural erosion
Limited opportunities
Noise and disturbance to locals

Question 8

Economic impacts of tourism

Answer 8

Stable wages
FDI
Foreign exchange
Seasonal income
House prices

Question 9

Political impacts of tourism

Answer 9

Interrelationships
Dependency

Question 10

Environmental impacts of tourism

Answer 10

Creation of reserves
Loss of habitats
Water and energy demand

Question 11

Sustainable tourism

Answer 11

Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities with a suitable balance established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long term sustainability