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1
Q

Ankle fracture in A&E initial management

A

Pain
NV status
Immobilise

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2
Q

AF

  • Ix
  • Tx
A

ECG, no p

CCB (Diltiazem) / BB

REMEMBER diff between rate and rhythm. Want to do rate 1st

Also what to Warfarin (OR Rivaroxiban)

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3
Q

When to use what type of cardioversion in AF

A

Under 48 hours use Amiodarone

Over 48 hours Use DC cardioversion

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4
Q

Ramsay Hunt symptoms

A

Pain paralysis taste tinnitus rash facial palsy

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5
Q

Causes of Facial palsy

A

Stroke, Cancer (invasion), Mumps, Ramsay hunt

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6
Q

Ramsay hunt Tx

A

Acyclovir corticosteroid

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7
Q

Beta-thallasemia

A

Haemoglobin electropheresis

Target cells

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8
Q

Thallesemia Tx

A

Monthly transfusion

Iron Chealation

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9
Q

Public health intervention to pick up beta-thal befroe

A 
Carrier screening
Antenatal screen (before they're born)
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10
Q

Organs affected by High iron from transfusions (Give Chealation to prev)

A

Liver
Heart
Joints (arthralgia)
Pancreatic (Diabetes)

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11
Q

Oropharyngeal cancer Rfs

A

FH
East asian
Alcohol
Smoking

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12
Q

Investigating oropharyngeal cancer

A

MRI
Blood (lymphoma and infect rule out)
Biopsy
Staging CT

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13
Q

Low PTH and high calcium DDx

A

Mets

PTHrp From Small cell Lung Ca

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14
Q

PTH and Vit D effect places

A

PTH: Bones, Kidneys, Gut

Vit D: Kidney, Bones

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15
Q

Hypocalcaemia complications (stones, bones, thrones, abdo moans, psychic overtones)

A

Delerium & Coma
Nephrocalcinosis
Stones

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16
Q

Effusion + Asbestos

A

Pleural Mesothelioma

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17
Q

Examination in Rectal bleed (Note: Not investigations)

A 
abdo
PR
BP
Temp
Palor
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18
Q

Left sided pain & Vomit in male

Ix

A

Renal stones
Torsion
UTI
Diverticulitis

NON-CONTRAST CT KUB

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19
Q

Stone less than 5mm tx

A

IV fluids

Pass spontaneously

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20
Q

When to give Lithotripsy in stone & When to do Percutaneous

A

over 7mm

Over 1.5cm OR Hydronephrosis

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21
Q

Point prevelance

A

How many there are with a disease at a point in time

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22
Q

Calc prevelance

A

Number of disease/number of people

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23
Q

Reasons of the outcome in a study (BCCCC)

A 
Bias
Chance
Cofounding
reverse Causailty
True AssoCiation
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24
Q

Absolute risk

A

Number with /population

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25
Relative risk
Risk of disease with expose/risk without expose
26
Relative risk reduction
Risk exposed - risk not exposed
27
3 parts of health economic evaluation:
Cost of service Benefit Comparison o Cost Vs Benefit
28
What is used to evaluate disability
DALY (disability adjusted life years)
29
Efficacy
Getting the best cost or health outcomes from an intervention
30
Common causes fo coma
``` SAH Electrolyte imbalance (Hypocalcaemia) Hypoxaemia Hypoglycaemia Trauma Seizures Meningitis ```
31
What coma in a brain bleed
Raised ICP and Hydrocephalus
32
Why nimodipine in SAH
To prevent secondary vasospasm and reduced BP
33
What causes Fixed dilated pupil
CNIII compression due to raised ICP
34
SAH immediate management
ABCDE CT Head (work out stroke type) Nimodipine to reduce hypotension Mannitol
35
4 Features of brainstem death
``` Dolls eye Resp arrest Lack of corneal refelx No reaction to ear washout No response to pain/gag reflex ```
36
GCS
EVM 654
37
Causes of DKA
First time presentation Dehydration Infection Poor adherence to meds
38
Unresponsive T1DM, What?
Hypo (coma)
39
Causes of hypo
Not eating Vomiting Too much insulin
40
Questions to ask mother with postnatal depression
Thought os self harm Suicidal thoughts Low mood Anhedonia
41
Tx of postnatal psychosis
ECT SSRI Lithium Talking therapy (CBT, interpersonal)
42
What to check for on examination of breast lump
Mobility | LNs
43
Causes of floaters
diabetic retinopathy, Poster virtual detachment, ageing
44
Ix for retinal detachment
Fundoscopy: see retinal detach Slit lamp: tobacco dust of blood in vitreous USS: Angel sign
45
What acuity fro driving
6/12 average between eyes
46
Cauda equina UMN or LMN
LMN - Reduced reflex, tone, power and wasting
47
Pericarditis Ix
Blood culture, ESR, CRP ECG Echo Pericardiocentesis (Also for Tx)
48
Pericarditis Tx
Supportive (if Coxsackie) | NSAIDs and Steroids
49
Pericarditis Heart sound
Pericardial rub
50
Becks triad
Hypotension Reduced Heart sounds Raised JVP
51
Pericarditis ECG
Saddle shaped ST
52
BP different in diff arms in coarctation
If narrowing of aorta proximal to left subclavian
53
HTN fundoscopy
``` Hard exudates Cotton wool spots Blot/Flame tortuous vessels AV nipping ```
54
Some acute management of baby
ABCDE Oxygen Fluids
55
Common cause of resp depress in baby
Allergy | Bronchiolitis
56
vessels in shaken baby
Subdural
57
Slit lamp findings in Uveitis
Tobacco dust Flare Hypopyon (level of inflammatory cells)
58
Anterior uveitis Tx
Topical steroids | Pilocarpine (Ant Uve they get odd shaped pupil)
59
Infective cause of anterior unveitis
HSV (keratitis - dendritic ulcer)
60
Eczema coinfection
``` Herpes simples (herpeticum) Staph aureus (Impetigo) ```
61
Vitamin to be aware of in eczema
Vit D
62
Management of eczema
Hand hygiene Avoid scratching Emollients
63
Tx of SLE
DMARD - MTX Naproxen - NSAID Nifedipine - CCB Prednisolone - Steroid
64
Drugs that can make you sad
``` Antipsychotics Lithium OCP Beta blockers Progesterone Steroids ```
65
Liver disease hand sign
Palmar erythema Flapping clubbing
66
TB confirmatory Ix
``` tuberculin skin prick test Blood cultures CXR Sputum sample and ziel-neelsen interferon gamma assay (secondary test following tuberculin test) ```
67
pleural effusion Vs lung collapse
Trachea - Effusion pushed away - Collapse pulls
68
How can statins cause AKI
Rhabdomialysis
69
In sepsis why tachypnoeic
metabolic acidosis
70
Todds paresis
Ddx of stroke, seen after seizure
71
inc Gadolinium uptake
tumour Demyelination Abscess Haemorrhage
72
How to remember tests
Can’t bloody imagine looking fresh ``` Culture Blood Imaging Scope/biopsy Functional (specialty specific eg lung function) ```

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