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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS > paper two > Flashcards

paper two Flashcards

1
Q

internal growth (organic growth) definition

A

business grows by expanding its own activities

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2
Q

internal growth (organic growth) pros/cons

A

low risk but slow

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3
Q

external growth (inorganic growth) definition

A

usually involves a takeover (existing firm expands by buying more than half of the shares in another firm) or merger (two firms join together to form a larger firm)

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4
Q

external growth (inorganic growth) pros/cons

A

quick, but risky (less than half of takeovers/mergers are successful)

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5
Q

two methods of internal (organic) growth

A

-targeting new markets
-developing new products

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6
Q

4 methods of external (inorganic) growth

A

-join with a supplier
-join with a competitor
-join with a customer
-join with an unrelated firm

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7
Q

larger firms benefit from economies of sales; meaning what?

A

they use more resources, and so buy mor in bulk (cheaper) compared to smaller firms

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8
Q

larger firms also have diseconomies of sale; meaning what?

A

-more expensive to manage properly
-harder communication
-more complex coordination

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9
Q

(internal finance) retained profit definition

A

profits are reinvested into business after dividends (payment made to shareholders)

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10
Q

(internal finance) funding by fixed assets definition

A

selling old/unused machinery/buildings etc. If too many are sold, you can’t go onto trading.

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11
Q

(external finance) loan capital

A

money borrowed and used as an investment

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12
Q

(external finance) share capital

A

if company becomes limited company , it can raise finance by selling shares.

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13
Q

retained profits cons

A

larger companies are under pressure to give large dividends reducing retained profit

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14
Q

fixed assets cons

A

limit to how many asset that can be sold, if too many are sold you can’t go onto trading.

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15
Q

loan capital cons

A

-banks need security (usually assets such as properties where they could be sold to repay loan if things go wrong)
-larger firms can take out larger loans.
-established firms may be easier to get loan
-has to be paid back with interest

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16
Q

share capital pros

A

doesn’t have to be repaid

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17
Q

share capital cons

A

original owner’s get less profit/control

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18
Q

private limited company (PLC) definition

A

company shares are not available to public and are only sold if all shareholders agree

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19
Q

private limited company pros

A

-more capital can be made than any other type of business
-expansion and diversification
-incorporated (separate legal entity to owners); limited liability

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20
Q

private limited company cons

A

-hard to get lots of shareholders to agree
-someone could buy enough shares to take over company
-accounts are public
-can have 100s or 1000s of shareholders which split profit

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21
Q

aims/objectives examples

A

-survival
-growth
-enter/exit market
-change size of workforce
-change size of product product range

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22
Q

reasons to change aims/objectives

A

-new legislation (laws)
-changes in market condition (market growth/ shrink ect)
-change in tech
-company performance
-company internal changes

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23
Q

business aim definition

A

long term target

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24
Q

business objective definition

A

targets to build up to reach aim

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25
globalisation definition
process where businesses/countries become more connected around the world (importation becomes easier/more common)
26
impacts of globalisation on a business
-more imports= variety and choice -more exports -multinationals (businesses operating on more than one country) -business locations
27
international trade barriers
-tariffs (taxes on imports/exports) -trade blocs (groups of countries with few or no trade barriers)
28
how might a business compete internationally
-e commerce (sell goods online) -changes in marketing mix
29
cons of an ethical business
-high cost -more difficult to find ethically sourced materials -means for profit, the prices go up
30
pros of an ethical business
-marketing/brand image (eg; fairtrade certification) -shareholder may be more likely to invest -ethical staff treatment makes employees fell motivated (increase production), and may leave positive reviews.
31
how can a business reduce its impact on the environment
-less packaging -recycle -dispose of hazardous waste carefully -efficient + quieter machinery -renewable energy resources
32
pros of environmentally friendly business
-brand image/reputation -competitive advantage
33
cons of environmentally friendly business
-expensive new equipment/processes
34
what is a pressure group in business
organisations which try to influence decisions of government and businesses. a business may follow them for brand image/reputation
35
four Ps of the marketing mix
Product Price Place Promotion
36
differentiation business definition
making product/service distinctive in the market eg; unique selling point, low cost
37
three factors of the design mix
-function -cost -aesthetics
38
5 stages of product life cycle in business
1-research and development 2-introduction 3-growth 4-maturity 5-decline
39
what are extension strategies used for
to keep products selling once the product begins to reach decline
40
types of extension strategies
-add more/different features -new packaging -target new markets -promotion/advert change -lower price
41
internal factors influencing pricing decisions
-technology -method of production -product life cycle
42
external factors influencing pricing decisions
-competition -market segments -cost of raw materials
43
price penetration definition
initial low price, then increase
44
loss leader pricing definition
price is set below cost (eg consoles, then profit id made on games)
45
price skimming definition
initial high price, then decrease
46
competitive pricing definition
similar price to other firms
47
cost plus pricing definition
usually used when there's no price competition- set price based on how much profit is intended to be made.
48
5 types of pricing strats
-price penetration -loss leader pricing -price skimming -competitive pricing -cost-plus pricing
49
business promotion methods
-newspapers -poster/billboard -magazine -TV -internet -social media -sponsors -mail -search history, targeted ads
50
sales promotion examples
-special offers -product trials
51
2 methods of distribution
-high street retailers -E-tailers
52
job production definition
one product at a time
53
flow production definition
continuous production and movement of goods
54
just in time (JIT) stock definition
stock is used, manufactured and sold when it arrives, and is only ordered when needed
55
pros of JIT
-do not have to store stock -improve cash flow; no delay
56
cons of JIT
-requires a lot of coordination -no economies of scale benefits (no bulk stock) -can run out of stock easily if orders are late/don't arrive
57
bar gate stock graph
58
procurement definition
buying things from outside the firm
59
logistics definition
getting goods/services from one part of supply chain to another
60
what reasons may a company need to choose a supplier
-quality -trust -availability -delivery -price
61
quality control definition
checking products as they are being made for faults before it reaches customer
62
quality assurance definition
checking quality is being maintained throughout each process
63
sales process list
-find potential new customers -approach potential new customers -assess customer needs -presenting -closing (agree to sale) -follow up
64
pros of good customer service
-customer satisfaction -more likely repeated purchases/loyalty -customers encouraged to spend more
65
cons of poor customer service
-dissatisfied customers -bad reviews/reputation -poor brand image -less customer loyalty/purchases
66
4 basic roles of staff
-director (manage business strats) -senior managers (organise the carrying out of the strats) -supervisors/team leaders (manage specific projects/small teams) -operational/support staff (carry out tasks)
67
hierarchical structures business
-long chain of command -more layers of management -difficult/slow communication -narrow span of control for managers
68
flat structures business
-short chain of command -quick/easy communication -wide span of control for managers -each manager has many employees
69
centralised organisation definition
-all major decision made by one person/few senior managers
70
decentralised organisation definition
-authority for decision making is shared out
71
business barriers to communication
-noise -personalities -distance between sites -jargon (technical language)
72
cons to insufficient communication
-inefficiency -time/money wasted -employee demotivation
73
cons to excessive communication
-inefficiency; talk about unrelated things -take less notice of important messages -conflicting information -overwhelming/annoying
74
full time and part time hrs
full time= 35-40 hrs per week part time= 10-30 hrs per week
75
zero hr contracts definition
-employer doesn't have tp offer work/employee doesn't have to accept work. used where there is lots of fluctuation in demand (hotels) -cheap; only pay workers when they are needed
76
temporary contract definition
fixed period of time, renewed at end
77
permanent contract definition
no end date, person stays until; -choose to leave -dismissed for misconduct -job made redundant
78
tech impacts in business
-efficiency; machines/computers -accuracy -online sharing/communication -remote working
79
freelance contract definition
self employed person recruited by company for specific project. can be hired/dismissed on short notice
80
two features of job advert
-job description -person specification
81
internal recruitment definition
-current employees for new roles -position advertised within company
82
external recruitment definition
-people outside business -position advertised in many places
83
informal training definition
-employee is shown, then practices -no strict plan to training, usually done by other workers
84
formal training definition
-set plan with learning objectives/schedule -done in training department or away from workplace
85
employee performance reviews
-worker and manager set performance targets for the year -training and resources provided to meet the targets -end of year the targets are discussed of how well they were met
86
3 financial extras for employees
-commission (paid to sales staff for every item they sell on top of salary) -bonus (lump sum added to pay; often due to performance targets) -fringe benefit (reward that of not part of a workers main income (eg; company car, gym membership)
87
job rotation definition
move worker from one job to another
88
job enrichment definition
worker is given greater responsibilities
89
autonomy business definition
give workers the freedom to make their own decisions
90
Batch production definition
Group of identical products produced simultaneously
91
reminder; public limited company cards

EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS (2 decks)

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