Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Toxicology Lec > PARACETAMOL + PHENYLEPHRINE HCl + CHLORPHENAMINE MALEATE > Flashcards

PARACETAMOL + PHENYLEPHRINE HCl + CHLORPHENAMINE MALEATE Flashcards

1
Q

APAP, N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol

A

Paracetamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]
phenol;hydrochlorid

A

Phenylephrine HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(Z)-but-2-enedioic
acid;3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-
pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine

A

Chlorphenamine Maleat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Paracetamol (PAR), phenylephrine
hydrochloride (PHE) and chlorpheniramine
maleate (CPM) are commonly used in
clinical practice as

A

antipyretic and analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: can Paracetamol (PAR), phenylephrine
hydrochloride (PHE) and chlorpheniramine
maleate (CPM) be used as combination?

A

True; as antipyretic and analgesic
drugs to ameliorate pain and fever in cold
and flu conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

first choice in the
treatment of acute and chronic pain

A

Paracetamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

also used in the temporary reduction of
fever

A

Paracetamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alpha-adrenergic agonist that can be used
as a decongestant agent

A

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

first-generation histamine H1 antagonist used
to prevent the symptoms of allergic
conditions, such as rhinitis and urticaria

A

Chlorphenamine maleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This
drug can also be used in upper respiratory
tract conditions, such as in the temporary
relief of symptoms associated with hay fever.

A

Chlorphenamine maleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a toxic metabolite linked to
liver toxicity in cases of paracetamol
overdose, is a component of the drug’s
toxicokinetics

A

N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone
imine (NAPQI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NAPQUI is rapidly detoxified at
standard therapeutic dosages by conjugation with

A

glutathione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NAPQI attaches to the
______________ proteins of the _______
cells in overdose scenarios where
glutathione is low, resulting in
oxidative stress and toxicity.

A

mitochondria; liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strong vasoconstrictor phenylephrine is
absorbed from the ____________ tract somewhat
slowly

A

digestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

peak plasma levels of Phenylephrine happen _________
hours after oral treatment

A

2.5–6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peak levels of chlorphenamine maleate are
observed _____________ following oral dosage

A

2.5–6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/f: chlorphenamine maleate has a limited bioavailbility

A

True: due to first pass effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

main organ
where chlorphenamine and its metabolites
are eliminated

A

Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

main mechanism by which paracetamol
overdose is unsafe.

A

generation of NAPQI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___________ converts a
portion of it into NAPQI, which is typically
eliminated by glutathione

A

CYP2E1

21
Q

In Paracetamol toxicity

When there is an overdose, oxidative stress,
hepatocellular necrosis, and liver failure are
brought on by ______________ depletion and
NAPQI binding to liver proteins

A

glutathione

22
Q

In Paracetamol toxicity

acting as
an antidote to replenish glutathione and
support NAPQI detoxification.

A

N-acetylcysteine

23
Q

negative se of phenylephrine and chlorphenamine even at appropriate dosages

A

tachycardia, hypertension, and drowsiness

24
Q

Chlorpheniramine is well absorbed following
oral administration, with peak plasma
concentrations reached within _________ hours

A

2-3

25
Q

Chlorpheniramine is extensively metabolized in the _____________,
primarily by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and
the metabolites are excreted in the __________

A

liver; urine

26
Q

elimination half-life of chlorpheniramine is
__________hours; can be prolonged with overdose

A

12-24

27
Q

competitively inhibits the
binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic
receptors

A

Chlorpheniramine

28
Q

In overdose, this can lead to anticholinergic
toxicity which oral ingestion is the primary
cause

A

Chlorpheniramine

29
Q

It has poor oral bioavailability (38%) in people
because of a significant first-pass effect and
extensive metabolism by monoamine
oxidases in the GI tract and liver

A

PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

30
Q

The oral
LD50 in rats and mice is 350 mg/kg and 120
mg/kg, respectively. The half-life is 2–3 hr.

A

PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

31
Q

mainly as an alpha-1
adrenergic receptor agonist with minimal
beta-adrenergic action at therapeutic
doses

A

PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

32
Q

are found in
vascular smooth muscle; agonism
causes vasoconstriction

A

alpha-1 receptors

33
Q

Antidote for Paracetamol toxicity

A

ACETYLCYSTEINE

34
Q

acts as a hepatoprotective agent by
restoring hepatic glutathione

A

ACETYLCYSTEINE

35
Q

serving as a
glutathione substitute to prevent the binding
of NAPQI to hepatic macromolecules, and
enhancing the nontoxic sulfate conjugation
of acetaminophen

A

ACETYLCYSTEINE

36
Q

Indications for NAC include serum levels that
fall in the toxic range according to the

A

Rumack-Matthew nomogram

37
Q

Acetylcysteine is fully protective against liver
toxicity if given within __________after ingestion
and can be administered in oral and IV
route

A

8 hours

38
Q

Other management technique for paracetamol toxicity

A

Decontamination Procedures:

39
Q

Decontamination Procedures for paracetamol toxicity in px presenting within 4 hrs of ingestion

A

gastric lavage and a single dose of activated charcoal

40
Q

In paracetamol toxicity: If the patient presents with nausea and
vomiting, initiate the use of

A

standard
antiemetic agents (eg,
metoclopramide, selective 5-HT3
receptor antagonists)

41
Q

may be considered for the
treatment of central and/or peripheral
anticholinergic syndrome

A

Physostigmine

42
Q

CHLORPHENAMINE MALEATE antidote

A

Physostigmine

43
Q

CHLORPHENAMINE MALEATE toxicity management should also include _________ monitoring and initiation of _________ access

A

cardiac; IV

44
Q

In CHLORPHENAMINE MALEATE toxicity, if the patient presents within ____________ of
ingestion, consider gastric lavage and
single-dose activated charcoal.

A

1 hour

45
Q

PHENYLEPHRINE HCl antidote:

A

no specific antidote

46
Q

PHENYLEPHRINE HCl toxicity treatment is mainly __________

A

supportive and dependent on
symptoms

47
Q

Can be given for Phenylephrine HCl toxicity and as mainstay of
treatment for agitation, hypertension,
tachycardia, and seizures

A

Benzodiazepines

48
Q

T/F: Benefits of decontamination in Phenylephrine HCl toxicity are unlikely

A

True

Toxicology Lec (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions