Paradigm Shift

Question 1

typical example or pattern

Answer 1

paradigm

Question 2

distinct set of concepts or thought patterns

Answer 2

paradigm

Question 3

fundamental change in approach

Answer 3

paradigm shift

Question 4

paradigm shift is by

Answer 4

thomas kuhn

Question 5

kuhn’s book

Answer 5

the structure of scientific revolutions 1962

Question 6

more significant changes with belief systems

Answer 6

paradigm shift

Question 7

sometimes considered important and sometimes given great attention within education

Answer 7

paradigm shift

Question 8

thomas samuel kuhn’s birthdate and death date

Answer 8

07/18/1922 - 06/17/1966

Question 9

american physicist, historia, and philosopher of science

Answer 9

thomas samuel kuhn

Question 10

wrote the structure of scientific revolutions in 1962

Answer 10

thomas samuel kuhn

Question 11

book of thomas samuel kuhn

Answer 11

structure of scientific revolutions

Question 12

history of science

Answer 12

structure of scientific revolutions

Question 13

simple cycle of progress

Answer 13

kuhn cycle

Question 14

challenged the world’s current conception of science which was at a steady progression of accumulation of new ideas

Answer 14

kuhn cycle

Question 15

viewpoint was wrong

Answer 15

kuhn’s paradigm

Question 16

science advanced most by occasional revolutions of new knowledge triggered by introduction of new ways of thought so large

Answer 16

kuhn’s paradigm

Question 17

introduction of new ways of thought so large is called

Answer 17

new paradigms

Question 18

paradigms change in scientific revolutions and is a new way of seeing the world

Answer 18

kuhn’s paradigm

Question 19

presented a descriptive theory which kuhn try to observe the factual scientific fields to understand how they function

Answer 19

popper and kuhn

Question 20

steps of kuhn cycle

Answer 20

pre-science
normal science
model drift
model crisis
model revolution
paradigm change

Question 21

pre-paradigm stage

Answer 21

pre-science

Question 22

not yet a model of understanding to solve main problems

Answer 22

pre-science

Question 23

no workable paradigm

Answer 23

pre-science

Question 24

theorizing, observing, and experimenting

Answer 24

normal science

Question 25

has a scientifically based model of understanding that works

Answer 25

normal science

Question 26

model of understanding starts to drift coz of anomalies and phenomena

Answer 26

model drift

Question 27

model cannot explain

Answer 27

model drift

Question 28

most important step

Answer 28

model crisis

Question 29

model drift becomes so excessive

Answer 29

model crisis

Question 30

model is broken

Answer 30

model crisis

Question 31

no longer serve as reliable guide

Answer 31

model crisis

Question 32

field in anguish

Answer 32

model crisis

Question 33

serious candidates for new model emerge

Answer 33

model revolution

Question 34

new model is so different from old one

Answer 34

model revolution

Question 35

undergoing revolutionary change

Answer 35

model revolution

Question 36

paradigm shift

Answer 36

paradigm change

Question 37

new paradigm are taught to others

Answer 37

paradigm change

Question 38

new paradigm becomes generally accepted guide to one's work

Answer 38

paradigm change

Question 39

field is now back to normal science step

Answer 39

paradigm change

Question 40

broke the monopoly of Catholic church and Christian's relationship with God

Answer 40

the reformation

Question 41

darwin's theory of revolution

Answer 41

natural sciences

Question 42

create a physical model of earth's structure

Answer 42

plate tectonics

Question 43

subjective to observer's state of motion relative to other objects

Answer 43

albert einstein's space-time is not fixed or objective

Question 44

who said that we are not fully in control of our behavior

Answer 44

sigmund freud

Question 45

government intervention in the economy is now accepted

Answer 45

economics

Question 46

purpose of art is to copy reality

Answer 46

realist paradigm

Question 47

can fully explain something by breaking it down into simple prts

Answer 47

reductionism

Question 48

belief that complex phenomena can be fully explained by analyzing their simplest components

Answer 48

reductionism

Question 49

more than just the sum of its parts

Answer 49

complexity of living systems

Question 50

living organisms exhibit emerging properties that cannot be fully explained by their individual parts

Answer 50

complexity of living systems

Question 51

limitations of reductionism

Answer 51

complexity of living systems consciousness free will

Question 52

science struggles to explain human consciousness

Answer 52

consciousness

Question 53

human actions are not entirely determined by physical laws

Answer 53

free will

Question 54

we are not controlled solely by physical laws

Answer 54

free will

Question 55

proposed that humans are made up of both matter and form

Answer 55

st. thomas aquinas

Question 56

hylomorphic view

Answer 56

matter form

Question 57

allows a more comprehensive understanding of human nature

Answer 57

hylomorphic view

Question 58

this view helps explain things that reductionism can't

Answer 58

aquina's perspective

Question 59

reduction of nature to fundamental physics

Answer 59

reductionism

Question 60

all living things are made up of cells and how they function

Answer 60

biology

Question 61

make more detailed predictions once we understand atomic structures involved in chemical reactions

Answer 61

chemistry

Question 62

find more fundamental constituents of physical world, discovering atom, electrons, and neutrons

Answer 62

physics

Question 63

fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices

Answer 63

paradig shift

Question 64

set of practices, theories, and standards that define scientific discipline

Answer 64

paradigm

Question 65

involves scientists working within the established paradigm without questioning the foundational assumptions

Answer 65

normal science

Question 66

observations or experimental results emerge that cannot be explained by current paradigm

Answer 66

anomalies

Question 67

how scientists approach problems, conduct experiments, and interpret data

Answer 67

paradigm

Question 68

data or observations that don't fit the current theories

Answer 68

anomalies

Question 69

problems that current paradigm cannot resolve

Answer 69

anomalies

Question 70

accumulation of unresolved anomalies

Answer 70

crisis

Question 71

challenge the existing paradigm

Answer 71

crisis

Question 72

when old paradigm begins to break down coz it can't fully account for new findings

Answer 72

crisis

Question 73

rules and assumptions no longer seem adequate to explain the world

Answer 73

crisis

Question 74

when a new framework is adopted resolving the anomalies

Answer 74

scientific revolution

Question 75

fundamental change in basic concepts of the field

Answer 75

paradigm shift

Question 76

new paradigm becomes the new norm and cycle of normal science begins a new

Answer 76

aftermath

Question 77

how we understand the world in scientific terms

Answer 77

paradigm shift

Question 78

major transformation in knowledge that reshapes the field

Answer 78

paradigm shift

Question 79

meaning of geometric model

Answer 79

earth at the center

Question 80

meaning of heliocentric model

Answer 80

sun at the center

Question 81

classic paradigm shift in astronomy

Answer 81

geometric and heliocentric model

Question 82

world's greatest inventions

Answer 82

wheel steam engine automobile electricity battery communication lightbulb radio television transistor computer microscope and telescope vaccine penicillin

Question 83

revolutionized transportation and machinery

Answer 83

wheel

Question 84

powered the industrial revolution

Answer 84

steam engine

Question 85

efficient mechanized work, boosting productivity

Answer 85

steam engine

Question 86

personal transportation and mobility

Answer 86

automobile

Question 87

modern life, powering homes, industries, and technology

Answer 87

electricity

Question 88

innovations like lighting, computing, and telecomms

Answer 88

electricity

Question 89

crucial invention for portable power that powers devices from flashlights to mobile phones

Answer 89

battery

Question 90

developed in energy storage and transportation

Answer 90

battery

Question 91

transformed how we connect

Answer 91

communication

Question 92

changed the way information is shared globally

Answer 92

communication

Question 93

innovations of communication

Answer 93

telegraph telephone internet

Question 94

invented by thomas edison

Answer 94

lightbulb

Question 95

more accessible, safe, and practical widespread use of electricity

Answer 95

lightbulb

Question 96

wireless communication that allows transmission of sound and music

Answer 96

radio

Question 97

for entertainment, news, and global communication

Answer 97

radio

Question 98

changed entertainment and media consumption

Answer 98

television

Question 99

major influence on culture and social interaction

Answer 99

television

Question 100

development of modern electronics and computing

Answer 100

transistor

Question 101

work to entertain and communicate

Answer 101

computer

Question 102

digital age and information revolution

Answer 102

computer

Question 103

expanded human understanding of micro and macro worldws

Answer 103

microscope and telescope

Question 104

advanced biology, astronomy, and physics

Answer 104

microscope and telescope

Question 105

vital invention in public health to prevent infectious diseases

Answer 105

vaccine

Question 106

increases life expectancy globally

Answer 106

vaccine

Question 107

discovered by alexander fleming

Answer 107

penicillin

Question 108

first widely used antibiotic

Answer 108

penicillin

Question 109

beginning of modern medicine

Answer 109

penicillin