Paramedic Coach drug cards Flashcards
(8 cards)
ASPIRIN
(ASA)
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
CLASS: NSAID
MOA: NSAID that decreases inflammation and decreases platelet aggregation
Indications: ACS/ Chest pain
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity/ allergic, no ability to chew
AR: GI symptoms
DOSE: 324 mg, oral
Special consideration:
Complete the dose of 4 baby aspirin.
Patient must have intact airway.
Watch for GI symptoms
EPINEPHRINE
(Adrenalin)
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
Class: Sympathetic Agonist
MOA:
Naturally occurring catecholamine that directly affects the alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors. Effects include vasoconstriction, increased HR/BP, increased contractility, and bronchodilation.
Indications:
* 1:10,000: Cardiac arrest
* 1:1,000: Asthma, anaphylaxis, COPD
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity/allergic, tachycardia, or hypertensive
AR:
N/V, palpitations, headaches, nervousness
Dose:
* 1:10,000 | 1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 minutes
* 1:1,000 | 0.3 mg IM (AAC)
* 5 mg nebulizer (Stridor)
* Pediatric: 0.01 mg/kg
Special Considerations:
Caution in elderly patients or those with heart disease. Connect to cardiac monitoring.
NITROGLYCERIN
(Nitrostat)
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
Class: Anti-Anginal Agent
MOA:
Vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle and decreases preload and oxygen demand.
Indications:
Chest pain / ACS / CHF
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity/allergic, ED meds in the last 48 hours, hypotension, right ventricular infarction
AR:
Dizziness, headache, hypotension
Dose:
* 0.4 mg SL every 3–5 minutes
* IV nitroglycerin: 10–50 mcg/min
Special Considerations:
Wear gloves when administering. Watch for hypotension/syncope. Have 2 IVs placed for IV drip dosing.
NOREPINEPHRINE
(Levophed)
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
Class: Sympathetic Agonist
MOA:
Naturally occurring catecholamine that acts on both alpha and beta receptors. Potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure. Alpha effects tend to be more profound.
Indications:
Shock (to maintain blood pressure/tissue perfusion), severe hypotension, and post-resuscitation
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity/allergic, tachycardia
AR:
Palpitations, anxiety, tachycardia, tremors
Dose:
1–30 mcg/min via IV pump
Special Considerations:
One of the strongest vasopressors available. Monitor blood pressure closely.
DOPAMINE
(Intropin)
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
CLASS: Sympathetic Agonist
MOA:
Dopamine is a sympathetic agonist that acts on alpha1, beta1, and D1+D2 (dopamine) receptors.
* Alpha1: Vasoconstriction
* Beta1: Increased HR/contractility
* D1+D2: Increased blood flow to kidneys/intestines
Indications:
Hypotension (severe), cardiogenic shock, bradycardia (if atropine doesn’t work)
Contraindications:
Adrenal tumor, hypovolemic shock
AR:
N/V, palpitations, headaches, nervousness
DOSE:
Titrate to effect:
* D1+D2: 2–5 mcg/kg/min
* Beta1: 5–10 mcg/kg/min
* Alpha1: 10–20 mcg/kg/min
* Pediatric: 2–20 mcg/kg/min
(IV drips)
Special Consideration:
Ensure IV is patent and secured. Fix hypovolemia before administration
AMIODARONE
(Cordarone)
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
CLASS: Anti-Dysrhythmic
MOA:
Prolongs the action potential and refractory period. Slows electrical conduction rate. It blocks sodium, calcium, and potassium channels.
Indications:
V-tach, V-fib, wide complex rapid tachycardia
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity/allergic, bradycardia
AR:
Dizziness, drowsiness
DOSE:
* Arrest: 150–300 mg IV/IO
* Stable: 150 mg over 10 minutes via IV/IO drip
Special Consideration:
Monitor vitals and ECG before and after administration. Amiodarone has a half-life of 45 days.
LIDOCAINE
(Xylocaine)
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
CLASS: Anti-Dysrhythmic
MOA:
Sodium channel blocker that decreases ventricular irritability and reduces the speed of impulses.
Indications:
V-Tach / V-Fib
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity/allergic, bradycardia
AR:
Anxiety, nausea/vomiting, drowsiness
DOSE:
1 mg/kg IV/IO
Special Consideration:
Use cardiac monitoring, consider 12-lead ECG after administering, and use a different IV site if giving after amiodarone.
ATROPINE
CLASS:
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Contraindications:
Adverse Reactions:
DOSE:
Special consideration:
CLASS: Anti-Cholinergic Agent
MOA:
Potent parasympatholytic that inhibits actions of acetylcholine. Indirectly increases HR and AV conduction, decreases GI secretions, and dilates pupils.
Indications:
Organophosphate poisoning, symptomatic bradycardia
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity/allergic, tachycardia
AR:
Tachycardia, flushed/hot skin
DOSE:
* Bradycardia: 0.5–1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 minutes as needed
* Organophosphate OD: 2 mg, then 4 mg, then 8 mg every 5 minutes until desired effect
Special Consideration:
May be included in RSI protocols to reduce risk of reflex bradycardia prior to intubation.
