PARAMETERS Flashcards
(13 cards)
Precise engineering methods of surveying the instrument_________________ to measure accurately to millimeterchanges on the ground.
(EDM) Electronic Distance Meter
What parameter of ground swelling detection by using precision instruments and techniques that measure minute changes in slope, distance or elevation at the ground surface.
ground deformation parameter
What parameter is used when direct measuring of temperature and chemistry ground water, spring water, lakes using a thermometer, thermocouple, Ph meter)
Geochemistry parameter
Collects gas and water samples from vents and fumaroles and analyze in the laboratory
(XRF) X-ray Fluorescence
______________ is the equipment used to detect occurrence of volcanic earthquakes
Seismometer
What are the 3 different parameters assessed in a volcano’s status
ground deformation
Geochemistry
Seismicity
Deformation on ground is also measured using data of repeated measurements from permanent _______________ installed around the volcano
(GPS) Global Positioning System
Intensified steaming activity,
White steam slowly/drastically changed to gray to dark steam,
Drying up of vegetation, drying of water wells,
Crater GLOW at summit area,
Increasing frequency of rolling rocks from summit; landslides
Summit area becomes incandescent or glows at night
VISUAL OBSERVATION
”Hear” rumbling sounds
AUDITORY
“Smell” of sulfur (rotten eggs)
OLFACTORY
Ground movement/ volcanic earthquake “felt”
TACTILE
Delineated and identified where no permanent habitation is recommended due to the possible impact of various hazards at any time.
(PDZ) Permanent Danger Zone
Illustrate potential for ground based volcanic impacts-lava flows, pyroclastic flows, volcanic gases, and more far-reaching hazards such as lahars in valleys that drain the volcano
Volcano Hazard Maps
