Volcano And Volcanic Eruptions In PHilippines

Question 1

Are visible manifestations of the process of rock formation

Answer 1

Volcanoes

Question 2

A vent that serves as a conduit of lava or the molten rock that reaches the earth’s surface.

Answer 2

Volcanoes

Question 3

Spewing out of lava or from the volcano.

Answer 3

Volcanic eruption

Question 4

2 general type of volcanic eruption

Answer 4

EFFUSIVE*(QUIET)
and
EXPLOSIVE
Eruptions

Question 5

A general type of volcanic eruption that ejects ashes and large fragments of pyroclastic materials

Answer 5

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION

Question 6

A general type of volcanic eruption that is dominated by the flow of lava and formation of fountains and lakes.

Answer 6

EFFUSIVE ERUPTION

Question 7

Mafic/ Ultramafic magma,

Oceanic Volcanoes (Hawaii)

low viscosity

Answer 7

Quiet / Effusive Eruption

Question 8

Felsic Magma

Continented Volcanoes

High Viscosity

Throws large amount of pyroclastic materials

Answer 8

Explosive Eruption

Question 9

Its a specific type of volcanic eruption that is the least violent.
It’s lava is highly fluid/ runny flowing out of several vents
It also have fire fountains and lava flows

Answer 9

HAWAIIAN ERUPTION

Question 10

An eruption that has thick viscous magma that flows around the vent as solid lava and dust are ejected.

• small to moderate explosions, lasting seconds to minutes with ash columns as high as 20km.
• lava blocks and lava bombs may be ejected from the vent.

Answer 10

VULCANIAN ERUPTION

Question 11

It is a violent eruption that features continuous ejection of magma and gas. It results the formation of volcanic bombs and cinder cones. It also has explosions causing a shower of lava fragments.

Answer 11

STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION

Question 12

It is the most violent and explosive type of volcanic eruption.
It is caused by the build up of magma and dissolved gas.
Accompanied by fast flowing pyroclastic debris and lahars.
up to 20km-35km tall columns which may collapse to form pyroclastic density currents (PDC)

Answer 12

PLINIAN ERUPTION

Question 13

Eruption that has Columns as high as 20km and are relatively unsteady.

Answer 13

SUBPLINIAN ERUPTION

Question 14

Eruption that is larger and have a higher magma discharge rate than Plinian eruptions.

Answer 14

ULTRAPLINIAN ERUPTIONS

Question 15

An eruption that is driven by HEAT from magma interacting with WATER.
Water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, lake or sea.
-pulverize surrounding rocks and can produce ash but do NOT INCLUDE NEW MAGMA.

Answer 15

PHREATIC ERUPTIONS

Question 16

An eruption driven by the HEAT in hydrothermal systems.

-pulverize surrounding rocks and produce ash but do not include magma

Answer 16

HYDROTHERMAL ERUPTION

Question 17

An eruption resulting from the interaction of new magma or lava with WATER and can be very EXPLOSIVE.

Answer 17

PHREATOMAGMATIC ERUPTION

Question 18

Effusive outpourings of lava and usually flow SLOWER THAN WALKING PACE.

Answer 18

Lava Flow

Question 19

Fountains of runny lava fragments from a vent or line of vents(fissure). They can form spatter piles, and if the fragments accumulate fast enough, they can form lava flows.

Answer 19

Lava fountains

Question 20

Mounds that form when viscous lava is erupted slowly and piles up over the vent, rather than moving away as a lava flow.

Answer 20

LAVA DOMES

Question 21

3 types of lava flows

Answer 21

A’a, Blocky, Pahoehoe

Question 22

Phenomena arising from volcanic activity that pose potential threat to persons or property in a given area within a given period of time.

Answer 22

Volcanic Hazards

Question 23

Burst of trapped gasses that push their way through solid barriers and rapidly into the atmosphere.

Answer 23

BLASTS

Question 24

A mound of lava that grows INSIDE the crater is called

Answer 24

CRYPTODOME

Question 25

A mound of lava that grows outside the volano is called

Answer 25

Exodome

Question 26

Gases released by active and inactive volcanoes

Answer 26

Toxic Gases

Question 27

A toxic gas that can lead to ACID RAIN

Answer 27

SO2/ Sulfur dioxide

Question 28

A toxic gas that is colorless and odorless which can be lethal to people, animals and vegetation.

Answer 28

CO2/ Carbon Dioxide

Question 29

A toxic gas that deforms and kills animals that grazed on vegetation covered with volcanic ash

Answer 29

HF/ Hydrogen Fluoride

Question 30

Also called mudflows or flow of volcanic debris, | Primary/hot (eruption)and secondary/cold (rainfall)

Answer 30

Lahars

Question 31

Rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments from pyroclastic materials and water. Usually triggered by intense rainfall during typhoons, monsoons and thunderstorms.

Answer 31

Lahars

Question 32

A common type of basaltic lava that cools down forming typical smooth, billowy or ropy surfaces)

Answer 32

Pahoehoe lava flow

Question 33

A type of lava flow that is rapidly often associated with high discharge rates and steep slopes

Answer 33

A’a laval flow

Question 34

Glowing hot materials That move down the slope of an erupting volcano and comes in contact with the surface.

Answer 34

Pyroclastic Flow

Question 35

Turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic materials mixed w/ hot gases (200C to 700C to 900C) that flow at fast speeds (>60kph)

Answer 35

PDC- Pyroclastic Density Current

Question 36

Consist of combination of pumice, scoria(basalt), thick rock fragments, crystals with tephra particle sizes range from 2mm to 64mm

Answer 36

Tephra Fall

Question 37

Series of sea waves caused by the displacement of large volumes of water because of an underwater volcanic eruption

Answer 37

Tsunami

Question 38

Very fine particles composed of glass shards, crystals,and fragments of existing rocks

Answer 38

Ash Fall

Question 39

Blobs of Lava that are thrown into the air and developed a streamlined and smooth shape fragments.

Answer 39

VOLCANIC BOMBS