Paranasal Sinuses and Facial Bones Review

Question 1

Which sinus group is of primary importance in the lateral projection of the sinuses?

Answer 1

Sphenoidal

Question 2

Which sinus groups are best demonstrated with the PA axial projection, Caldwell method?

Answer 2

Frontal and anterior ethmoidal

Question 3

Where should petrous ridges be seen in the image of the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, of the sinuses?

Answer 3

Lower third of the orbits

Question 4

Which positioning line should form an angle of 37 degrees with the IR for the paritoacanthial projection, Waters method?

Answer 4

Orbitomeatal

Question 5

Which paranasal sinus group is best demonstrated with parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?

Answer 5

Maxillary

Question 6

Which sinus group is not well demonstrated in the image produced by the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?

Answer 6

Sphenoidal

Question 7

Which two paranasal sinus groups are better demonstrated with the SMV projection than are the other sinuses?

Answer 7

Ethmoidal and shpenoidal

Question 8

Which projection of the sinuses demonstrates a symmetric image of the anterior portion of the base of the skull?

Answer 8

SMV

Question 9

In which projection of the sinuses must the OML form an angle of 15 degrees with the plane of the IR?

Answer 9

PA axial, Caldwell method

Question 10

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 10

All four sinus groups should be included

Question 11

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection, Cladwell method, of the sinuses?

Answer 11

The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses should be seen

Question 12

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method, for paranasal sinuses?

Answer 12

Petrous ridges should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses.

Question 13

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the SMV projection for sinuses?

Answer 13

Mandibular condyles should be anterior to the petrous ridges.

Question 14

With reference to the patient, where should the central ray be directed for the lateral projection of the facial bones?

Answer 14

Zygomatic bone

Question 15

With reference to the IR, how should the central ray be directed for the parietoacanthial projection, Water method?

Answer 15

Perpendicular

Question 16

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection, Caldwell method?

Answer 16

The distance between the lateral border of the skull and orbit should be the same on both sides.

Question 17

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the SMV projection for bilateral zygomatic arches?

Answer 17

The zygomatic arches should be free from overlying structures.

Question 18

A modified Towne method of the bilateral zygomatic arches produces an image similar to the Towne method of the skull. How many degrees and in what direction should the central ray be directed for this projection to demonstrate zygomatic arches when the OML is perpendicular to the IR?

Answer 18

30 degrees caudad

Question 19

Where should modified Towne projection be directed at?

Answer 19

Glabella

Question 20

To demonstrate the mandibular body with the axialolateral oblique projection, how should the patient’s head be positioned?

Answer 20

From true lateral, rotate the head 30 degrees toward the IR

Question 21

How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the axiolateral projection of the mandible?

Answer 21

25 degrees cephalad

Question 22

Which projection is performed with the patient’s head positioned true lateral and the central ray directed 25 degrees cephalad?

Answer 22

Axiolateral projection of the mandible

Question 23

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?

Answer 23

The opposite side of the mandible should not overlap the ramus

Question 24

Which structure is of primary interest when the patient’s head is rotated 15 degree toward the IR from a true lateral position and the central ray is directed 15 degrees caudad, entering about 1.5 inches superior to the upside EAM?

Answer 24

TMJ

Question 25

For the AP axial projection of the TMJs, where should the central ray be directed?

Answer 25

3 inches above the nasion

Question 26

Which structures should always be radiographed with the patient in an upright position?

Answer 26

Paranasal sinuses

Question 27

Which position is the only projection for paranasal sinuses that adepuately demonstrates all four sinus groups?

Answer 27

Lateral

Question 28

For the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, of the sinuses, which positioning line, in addition to the midsagittal plane, should be perpendicular to the IR?

Answer 28

Orbitomeatal

Question 29

Which reference to the IR, how should the central ray be directed for the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?

Answer 29

Perpendicular

Question 30

Where should the central ray exit the head for the parietoacanthial projection, Waters method?

Answer 30

Acanthion

Question 31

In which projection of the sinuses is the IR centered to the nasion?

Answer 31

PA axial, Caldwell method

Question 32

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 32

The orbital roofs should be superimposed

Question 33

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, of the sinuses?

Answer 33

The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses should be seen.

Question 34

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, for sinuses?

Answer 34

Petrous ridges should lie in the lower third of the orbits

Question 35

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the SMV projection for paranasal sinuses?

Answer 35

Mental protuberance should superimpose anterior frontal bone.

Question 36

Which positioning line and angle indicate correct positioning of the head for the parietoacanthial projection, Water method?

Answer 36

OML; 37 degrees to the IR

Question 37

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection, Caldwell method?

Answer 37

The distance between the lateral border of the skull and orbits should be the same on both sides.

Question 38

With reference to the IR, how should the midsagittal plane be adjusted for the tangential projection demonstrating an individual zygomatic arch?

Answer 38

15 degrees from perpendicular

Question 39

Which of the following structures can be well demonstrated with an axiolateral oblique projection?

Answer 39

TMJs

Question 40

How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the axiolateral oblique projection for TMJs?

Answer 40

15 degrees caudad

Question 41

With reference to the patient, where should the IR be centered for the axiolateral oblique projection of the TMJs?

Answer 41

.5 inches anterior to the EAM