Parasites

Question 1

entamoeba that causes disease

Answer 1

E hystolitica

Question 2

proliferative, invasive form of entamoeba hystolytica

Answer 2

trophozoite

Question 3

form of e hystolitica that infects people

Answer 3

cysts

Question 4

reservoir of e hystolytica

Answer 4

just humans

Question 5

risk factors for e hystolytica

Answer 5

travel, institutionalized

Question 6

form of transmission of e hystolytica

Answer 6

fecal oral

Question 7

2 main symptoms of e hystolytica infection

Answer 7

liver abscess, rectocolitis

Question 8

treatment of e hystolitica

Answer 8

metronidazole or tinidazole, paromomycin to treat cysts

Question 9

two protozoa responsible for African trypanosomiasis

Answer 9

trypanosoma brucei gambiense (most cases, slower progression) and rhodesiense

Question 10

clinical presentation of African sleeping sickness

Answer 10

nonpustular, itchy canchre 1-3 weeks after bite. Hemolymphatic infection: recurring fever, headache, joint pain, lymphadenopathy. Months or years later, meningoencephalitic phase.

Question 11

life cycle form of trypanosoma in blood/CSF/lymph

Answer 11

trypomastigotes

Question 12

vector of African trypanosomiasis

Answer 12

tsetse fly

Question 13

form of trypanosoma in its vector

Answer 13

epimastigotes (tsetse fly)

Question 14

virulence of trypanosoma

Answer 14

variant surface glycoproteins (shielding, switching– antigenic variation, recycling of VSGs bound by antibodies)

Question 15

protozoa of American trypanosomiasis

Answer 15

trypansoma cruzi

Question 16

vector of American trypanosomiasis

Answer 16

triatome insects (reduviid, kissing bug)

Question 17

trypanosoma cruzi multiplies in triatome midgut as ___ and is infective as _____

Answer 17

epimastigote, trypomastigote

Question 18

cause of death from Chagas disease

Answer 18

myocarditis, cardiomyopathy

Question 19

describe chagas disease

Answer 19

myocarditis/cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus or megacolon 10-20 years post triatome bite

Question 20

two forms of leishmaniasis

Answer 20

visceral and cutaneous

Question 21

describe visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 21

parasites in macrophages of reticuloendothelial system. Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia. Caused by L donovani

Question 22

new world vs old world cutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 22

new world can have mucosal/mucocutaneous (L panamensis)

Question 23

leishmaniasis vector

Answer 23

sandfly

Question 24

treatment for leishmaniasis

Answer 24

amphotericin B, pentavalent antimony, miltefosine

Question 25

treatment for trichomoniasis

Answer 25

tinidzaole or metronidazole (do not treat if pregnant and asymptomatic)

Question 26

life cycle stage of trichomonas

Answer 26

trophozoite

Question 27

life cycle forms of giardia

Answer 27

trophozoites, cysts

Question 28

treatment for giardia

Answer 28

metronidazole, tinidazole

Question 29

vector for malaria

Answer 29

female anopheles mosquito

Question 30

plasmodium falciparum has no ____ in the blood

Answer 30

trophozoites

Question 31

plasmodium vivax infects ____ RBCs

Answer 31

immature

Question 32

plasmodium vivax has a latent phase where ____ reside in the ____

Answer 32

hypnozoites, liver

Question 33

falciparum puts ____ on infected RBCs to promote cytoadherence

Answer 33

PfFEMP1

Question 34

how do you get organ failure from malaria

Answer 34

RBCs adhering to endothelial cells

Question 35

treatment of malaria

Answer 35

Artemisinin combo therapy. But also quinolines, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, doxycycline, clinda

Question 36

drugs to eradicate latent malaria

Answer 36

primaquine, tafenoquine

Question 37

malaria prophylaxis (3)

Answer 37

malarone, mefloquine, doxycycline

Question 38

infective form of strongyloides

Answer 38

filariform larvae

Question 39

treatment for strongyloidiasis

Answer 39

ivermectin

Question 40

cestode/tapeworm that comes from eating raw or undercooked fish

Answer 40

diphyllobothrium latum

Question 41

tapeworm that causes megaloblastic anemia

Answer 41

diphyllobothrium latum (takes B12)

Question 42

treatment for diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 42

praziquantel

Question 43

cause of intestinal schistosomiasis

Answer 43

schistosoma mansoni

Question 44

cause of urinary schistosomiasis

Answer 44

schistosoma haematobium

Question 45

schisotomsiasis is caused by a ____

Answer 45

trematode/fluke

Question 46

snail fever

Answer 46

schistosomiasis

Question 47

in schistosomiasis, snails release ___ which penetrate human skin

Answer 47

cercariae

Question 48

symptoms of schitosoma mansoni inefction

Answer 48

In liver-- GI schistosomiasis. Granulomatous hepatosplenomegaly, periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices

Question 49

symptoms of schistosomiasis in bladder

Answer 49

UT. Hematuria, urethral/bladder fibrosis, infertility, renal failure, increased risk of bladder cancer and contracting HIV

Question 50

treatment for schistosomiasis

Answer 50

praziquantel

Question 51

toxoplasmosis: name definitive and intermediate host

Answer 51

cats are definitive, humans are intermediate

Question 52

how do you contract toxoplamosis

Answer 52

oocysts from cat feces, undercooked infected lamb/beef

Question 53

treatment for cryptosporidium

Answer 53

nitazoxanide

Question 54

aedes mosquito transmits

Answer 54

Zika, Dengue, chikungunya

Question 55

what disease does the phlebotomus mosquito transmit

Answer 55

visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar)

Question 56

another name for the tsetse fly

Answer 56

glossinia

Question 57

autochthonous

Answer 57

acquired where you are presenting