Parasites

Question 1

Protoza vs. Helminths vs. Trematodes?

Answer 1

Protozoa = Unicellular
Helminths = Worms
Trematodes = FLukles

Question 2

Most common parasitic infection in US?

Answer 2

Giardia

Question 3

Who gets Giardia?

Answer 3

Campers/hikers

Question 4

Fatty, foul-smelling stool?

Answer 4

Giardia

Question 5

Who gets cryptosporidium?

Answer 5

Water-park people

AIDS worse

Question 6

Symptoms of cryptosporidium?

Answer 6

Mild, watery diarrhea

Severe if immunocompromised

Question 7

Who gets Entamoeba histolytica worldwide?

In US?

Answer 7

Tropical slums

US = Gay dudez

Question 8

Ameiasis symptoms?

Why?

Answer 8

Bloody diarrhea = Amoebic Dysentary

RBC lysis

Question 9

Serious complication of entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 9

Liver abscess

Question 10

GI protozoa?

Answer 10

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanesis
Entamoeba histolytica

Question 11

GI Nematodes?

Answer 11

Enterobius vermicularis
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
Trichuris
Ascaris

Question 12

Nematodes spread by eating eggs?

Answer 12

EAT
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris
Trichuris

Question 13

Nematodes spread by skin contact?

Answer 13

Hookworms (NASty)
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator

Question 14

Most common helminth infection?

Answer 14

Enterobius

Question 15

Anal itch in daycare?

How do you diagnose?

Answer 15

Enterobius
Scotch tape
CANNOT DIAGNOSE FROM STOOL

Question 16

Helminth found in Large US cities?

Answer 16

Strongyloides

Question 17

Helminth with possibility of auto-infection?

Answer 17

Strongyloides

Question 18

10mm hookworm with itchy rash and lethargy?
Why lethargic?
how diagnose?

Answer 18

Ancylostoma/Necator
Fe deficient anemia
EGGS in stool sample

Question 19

Whipworm?

Answer 19

Trichuris

Question 20

Bloody diarrhea, iron deficient anemia, progressing to rectal prolapse and finger clubbing?

Answer 20

Trichuris

Question 21

How DX trichuris?

Answer 21

Barrel-shaped eggs

Question 22

Largest roundworm?

Answer 22

Ascaris

Question 23

Symptoms of ascaris?

Answer 23

Usually asymptomatic
Can have intestinal blockage with pain
Lung stage with Charcot-Leyden crystals

Question 24

Cestodes?

Answer 24

TED (tapeworms)
Taenia
Echinococcus
Diphyllobothrium

Question 25

Which cestode is spread by eggs in doge feces? | Worst complication?

Answer 25

Such echinococcus | Very liver cysts

Question 26

Which cestode is spread via larvae in fish?

Answer 26

Diphyllobothrium

Question 27

How DX diphyllobothrium?

Answer 27

Eggs or proglittids in stool

Question 28

Which cestode is spread via beef/pork?

Answer 28

Taenia solium

Question 29

What type of parasite is schistosoma?

Answer 29

Fluke (Trematode)

Question 30

What causes the symptoms in schistosoma infection?

Answer 30

Immune response

Question 31

Acute schistosoma symptoms?

Answer 31

Rash, itchy

Question 32

Chronic schistosoma symptoms?

Answer 32

Pain Hepatomegaly Hematura, dysuria

Question 33

What can be used to treat Giardia infection?

Answer 33

Metronidazole Nitazoxanide Paromomycin

Question 34

TX for cryptosporidium in AIDS patients?

Answer 34

Nitazoxanide

Question 35

TX for amebic dysentery?

Answer 35

Iodoquinol (Asymptomatic carriers) | Metronidazole

Question 36

TX for cystoisospora or cyclospora?

Answer 36

TMP-SMX

Question 37

Which anti-amoeba drug is a Tissue amoebicide?

Answer 37

Metronidazole

Question 38

Which anti-amoeba drugs are luminal amoebicides?

Answer 38

Iodoquinol | Paromomycin

Question 39

Nematodes vs. Cestodes vs. Trematodes?

Answer 39

``` N = Roundworms C = Tapeworms T = Flukes ```

Question 40

Which drug kills nematodes and cestodes via targeting b-tubulin formation?

Answer 40

---Bendazole

Question 41

Which cholinergic anti-helminth targets ALL round worms?

Answer 41

Levamisole

Question 42

Which cholinergic anti-helminth targets roundworms EXCEPT whipworms (Trichuris)?

Answer 42

Pyrantel Pamoate

Question 43

Which anti-helminth targets only Ascaris and Strongyloides by binding invertebrate Cl channels and causing paralysis?

Answer 43

Ivermectin

Question 44

Toxicity of ---bendazoles?

Answer 44

Rarely BM | NOT IN PREGNANCY

Question 45

Toxicity of Cholinergic anti-helminths?

Answer 45

Nausea vomiting | Diarrhea

Question 46

Toxicity of Ivermectin

Answer 46

Itchy dizziness

Question 47

Which drug kills cestodes and trematodes?

Answer 47

Praziquantel

Question 48

Praziquantel mechanism?

Answer 48

Increases permeability to divalent cations

Question 49

What are treatment options for schistoma infections?

Answer 49

Praziquantel | Steroids (Inflammation response)

Question 50

What are treatment options for tapeworms?

Answer 50

--Bendazoles | Praziquantel