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Flashcards in Parasites Deck (30)
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1
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Cause a foul-smelling fatty diarrhea, along with bloating and flatulence. Tranmitted via cysts in water. Trophozoite form looks like face with flagella.

Treat with metronidazole

2
Q

Entamoeba histolitica

A

Causes a bloody diarrhea. Amoebas ingest RBCs. Can also cause liver abscess with a anchovy-paste consistency. Transmitted by cysts in water.

Treat with metronidazole, iodoquinol if asymptomatic

3
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Causes a profused watery diarrhea. Can devatate immunocompromised (AIDS).

Weakly acid fast.

Treat with nitazoxanide in immunocompetant

4
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Causes ring enhancing brain abscesses in HIV.

Can also cause congenital toxoplasmosis which is marked by chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications.

Infection via cysts in meat or oocytes in cat feces. Crosses placenta

Treat with sulfadiazine +pyrimethamine

5
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

Causes rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis. Swimming in fresh water, penentrate cribiform plate. Diagnosis with amoebas in spinal fluid.

Treat with amphotericin B

6
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

Causes african sleeping sickness. Two forms :rhodiense and gambiense. Rhodiense is worse.

Causes enlarged lymph nodes, recurrent fever (antigenic variation), somnolence, coma.

Gotten via tse tse fly via painful bites.

Treat with suramin and melarsoprol

7
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

Causes malaria with headache, fever, anemia, splenomegaly. Infects red blood cells that can enter brain and clog capillaries. Irregular fever patterns. Treat with chloroquine. Mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil if resistant.

8
Q

Plasmodium vivax/ovale

A

Causes malaria with headache, anemia, fever every other day (tertian). Dormant form in liver so must add primaquine to chloroquine to prevent recurrence. Test for g6pd deficiency first.

9
Q

Plasmodium malariae

A

Causes quartan fever (every 3 days)

10
Q

Babesia

A

Causes babesiosis: fever and hemolytic anemia. transmitted by ixodes scapularis.

Maltese cross confirms diagnosis.

Treat with atovaqone and azithromycin.

11
Q

Trypanozoma cruzi

A

Causes chagas disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, pseudoachalasia.

12
Q

Trypanozoma cruzi

A

Causes chagas disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, pseudoachalasia. Transmitted by reduuvid bug with a painless bite.

Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox

13
Q

Leishmania donovani

A

Causes visceral leishmaniasis. Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia.

Transmitted by sandfly.

Treat with sodium stibogluconate/amphotericin B

14
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Causes green frothy discharge, sexually transmitted only (can’t form cysts). Treat with metronidazole, treat partner too.

vaginitis (strawberry cervix)

15
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis

A

Most common worm infection in US. Causes anal pruritus. Diagnose with scotch tape test. Treat with bendazoles

16
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

giant roundworm. Fecal oral transmission. Most common worm in world. Intestinal infection, obstruciton, lung irritation. Treat with bendazoles

17
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Transmitted through skin, causes intestinal infection with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain. treat with albendazole or ivermectin

18
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus

A

Hookworms that penetrate through skin attach in intestines, can cause microcytic anemia. Treat with bendazoles.

19
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

Causes river blindness. Transmitted by river blackfly. Causes black skin nodules too. Treat with ivermectin.

20
Q

Loa loa

A

Transmitted by mango fly, horse fly, deer fly. Causes worms in conjuntiva. Treat with diethylcarbamazine

21
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Transmitted by mosquito and blocks lymphatics causing elephantiasis 9mo-1yr after bite. Treat with diethylcarbamazine.

22
Q

Toxocara canis

A

Fecal oral tranmission. Causes visceral larva migrans

23
Q

Trichenella spiralis

A

Gotten from undercooked pork. Enters into muscle. Causes periorbital edema too.

24
Q

Trichenella spiralis

A

Gotten from undercooked pork. Enters into muscle. Causes periorbital edema too.

25
Q

Taenia Solium

A

From undercooked meat. can cause intestinal infection if larvae are consumed, can cause cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis (seizure). Treat with praziquantel (add albendazole for neurocysticercosis)

26
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

from undercooked fish, causes B12 deficiency. Treat with praziquantel

27
Q

Echinococcus granulosis

A

Ingestion of eggs from dog feces. hydatid cysts in liver, anaphylaxis if antigens released. Eggshell calcification in liver

28
Q

Schistosoma

A

Snails are host – penetrate skins. Cause liver and spleen granulomas and can cause squamous cell carinoma of bladder with painless hematuria treat with praziquantel

29
Q

Chlonorchis sinensis

A

From undercooked fish, causes biliary tract obstruction, pigmented gallstones, and cholangiocarcinoma. Treat with praziquantel.

30
Q

What tapeworms cause portal hypertension

A

Schistosoma mansoni/japonicum.