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TCM Agents > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Amoeboza Entamoeba histolytica

A

Flask-shape ulcer Plants irrigated with fecal matter water amebiasis (bloody diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis), extraintestinal amebiasis (liver)

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2
Q

Amoeboza Acanthamoeba castellanii

A

Free living Diving into a pool of water Keratitis in contact wearers, granulomatous encephalitis

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3
Q

Amoeboza Balamuthia mandrillaris

A

Free living Diving into a pool of water Granulomatous encephalitis

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4
Q

Amoeboza Naegleria fowleri

A

Free living Diving into a pool of water Meningoencephalitis

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5
Q

Sarcomastigophora Giardia lamblia

A

Looks like a kite with two eyes interferes with fat absorption Diarrhea with fatty stools

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6
Q

Sarcomastigophora Leishmania donovani

A

Kinetoplastid amastigotes in macrophages Sand fly vector Cutaneous leishmaniasis (Mexico), Visceral (Asia and Africa), Mucocutaneous (Brazil)

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7
Q

Sarcomastigophora Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Kinetoplastid amastigotes in muscle tissues Kissing (reduviid/triatominae) bug feces Romana (periorbital swelling), megacolon, dilated esophagus

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8
Q

Sarcomastigophora Trypanosoma brucei

A

Trypomastigote in blood Tsetse fly African sleeping sickness, VSG glycoprotein gene rearrangements (fever), demyelinating panencephalitis

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9
Q

Sarcomastigophora Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Corkscrew motility STI Urethritis, vaginitis

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10
Q

Apicomplexa Plasmodium spp. (Malaria)

A

Ring forms which grow into trophozoite, hemozoin iron, banana shaped organisms Mosquito injects sporozoite which form schizont (filled with merozoite) Malaria, dark urine (blackwater fever). P falciparum (malignant tertian w/ banana shaped gametocyte), vivax (benign tertian), malaria (quartan)

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11
Q

Apicomplexa Toxoplasma gondii

A

Infectious cysts in meat or cat feces Toxoplasmosis (TORCH syndrome), flu like

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12
Q

Apicomplexa Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Acid fast bacilli in stool Water with fecal material Watery diarrhea

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13
Q

Apicomplexa Cystoisospora belli

A

Acid fast oocysts Water with fecal material Diarrhea

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14
Q

Apicomplexa Babesia spp

A

NO hemozoin pigment Froom deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) Muscle pain, hemolysis, flu-like symptoms, DIC

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15
Q

Platyhelminthes T Schistosoma mansoni

A

Lateral spine Africa, South America, Caribbean Itchy rash, flu-like symptoms, liver (pipe-stem fibrosis), bloody diarrhea, hematuria, CNS inflammation

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16
Q

Platyhelminthes T Schistosoma hematobium

A

Terminal spine Can cause squamous cell carcinoma, Africa and Middle East Itchy rash, flu-like symptoms, liver (pipe-stem fibrosis), bloody diarrhea, hematuria, CNS inflammation

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17
Q

Platyhelminthes T Schistosoma japonicum

A

No spine Asia Itchy rash, flu-like symptoms, liver (pipe-stem fibrosis), bloody diarrhea, hematuria, CNS inflammation

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18
Q

Platyhelminthes T Austrobilharzia variglandis

A

Humans are an incidental host Cercarial dermatitis (itchy rash - swimmer’s itch)

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19
Q

Platyhelminthes T Paragonimus westermani

A

Eggs in sputum or lung biopsy (lung fluke) Eggs hatch in snail, snail eaten by crustacean, we eat undercooked crustacean Cough, abdominal pain, fever

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20
Q

Platyhelminthes T Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep liver fluke Undercooked sheep/goat liver Pancreatitis, RUQ pain, cholecystitis

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21
Q

Platyhelminthes T Clonorchis sinensis

A

Oriental liver fluke Feed on bile, from undercooked fish RUQ pain, biliary tract cholangiocarcinoma

22
Q

Platyhelminthes C Taenia spp

A

Proglottids (section of a tapeworm) and eggs in stool Solium from pork, saginata from beef, cysticerci in undercooked flesh Mild GI symptoms, cysticercosis (larval cysts in CNS and muscle)

23
Q

Platyhelminthes C Diphyllobothrium lactum

A

fish/broad tapeworm raw freshwater fish, Northern Hemisphere Intestinal obstruction, gallbladder disease, B12 deficiency

24
Q

Platyhelminthes C Hymenolepis nana

A

Dwarf tapeworm Eggs in human feces, infected crustaceans, beetles, mealworms Mild GI symptoms

25
Q

Platyhelminthes C Echinococcus

A

Dogs are the final host, can get from sheep Cysts within numerous organs, cystic (hydatid) disease

26
Q

N Filarioidea Onchocerca volvulus

A

Seen with a slit lamp if in eyes Larvae introduced by blackfly Onchocerciasis (river blindness), skin onchocercoma nodules, corneal scaring

27
Q

N Filarioidea Loa Loa (African eye worm)

A

Midday blood smear examination African rain forest Itching, localized skin swelling, joint pain, renal failure, ocular problems, lymphatic occlusion

28
Q

N Filarioidea Dirofilaria immitis

A

Lung granulomas Mosquitos (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia) granulomas in skin, lungs, cough, heartworm in dogs

29
Q

N Filarioidea Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, B. Timori

A

Nocturnal blood smears Malayi - Asia, Timori - Indonesia, Bancrofti - worldwide (tropical areas) Lymphatic filariasis (lymphedema), elephantiasis

30
Q

N adenophorea Trichinella spiralis

A

Spiral appearing in meat Undercooked pork Trichinosis - GI symptoms followed by muscle pain

31
Q

N adenophoria Trichuris trichiura

A

Whipworm, barrel-shaped eggs with polar caps Soil transmitted, fecal oral transmission Painful defecation of watery stool (with mucus and blood), rectal prolapse

32
Q

N Secernentea Dracunculus medinensis

A

Guinea worm disease Water with copepods Diarrhea, boil with burning pain where adult exits

33
Q

N Strongylida A. duodenale, N. americanus

A

Hookworms Contact with fecal matter Abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia

34
Q

N Strongylida Ancylostoma braziliense

A

Zoonotic hookworms Cat and dog feces Cutaneous larva migrans (worm tunnels in skin)

35
Q

N Ascaridia Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Giant roundworm Fecal oral transmission #1 soil transmitted helminth, GI tract blockage, transmitted by cough

36
Q

N Ascaridia Toxocara canis, cati

A

Cat and dog feces, undercooked meat (chicken, rabbits, deer) Ocular larva migrans (ophthalmitis, retinal damage, blindness) visceral larva migrans (cough, fever, pain)

37
Q

N Rhabditida Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Threadworm Soil transmitted, fecal contact (feet) Disseminated strongyloidias, autoinfection (re-enters perianal space), hyperinfection

38
Q

N Oxyurida Enterobius vermicularis

A

Pinworm infection Cellophane tape test #1 worm infection in U.S., anal itching

39
Q

Crustacea Copepods

A

Diphyllobothrium lactum, Dracunculus medinensis

40
Q

Crustacea Decapods

A

Paragonimus (lung flukes)

41
Q

Arachnidia Scorpions

A

Venom acts on ion channels pain, vomiting, nerve block…

42
Q

Arachnidia Spiders

A

Necrosis (brown recluse), neurotoxicity (black widow)

43
Q

Arachnidia Ticks

A

Soft ticks transmit Borrelia (relapsing fever) Bites cause dermatitis, toxin Tick paralysis

44
Q

Arachnidia Mites

A

Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei - mange, follicle mites (Demodex) - folliculitis and dermatitis House mite transmits rickettsialpox Harvest mites (chiggers) transmit scrub typhus

45
Q

Insecta Anoplura (sucking lice)

A

Body louse - Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus), Bartonella quintana (trench fever), Borrelia recurrentis Pediculosis capitis (head lice), Pediculosis corporis (body lice), pediculosis pubis (crabs)

46
Q

Insecta Siphonaptera (fleas)

A

Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease), Yersinia pestis (oriental rat flea), Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus), Rickettsia felis (cat flea rickettsiosis

47
Q

Insecta Hemiptera (bed bug)

A

American trypanosomiasis (chagas) Dermatitis

48
Q

Insecta Diptera (fly)

A

Transmit typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera, bacillary and amebic dysentery, giardiasis, helminths, trachoma, conjunctivitis, yaws, anthrax, tularemia, African sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, bartonellosis, and sandfly fever Myasis - larval stage of fly

49
Q

Insecta Diptera (mosquitos and midges)

A

Anopheoles (malaria, West Nile), Culex (West Nile), Aedes (Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, Zika)

50
Q

Insecta Hymenoptera (bees, ants)

A

Stings and bites

TCM Agents (6 decks)

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