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RRPA Clinical Med II > Parasitic infections of GI tract - Schoeny Exam 3 > Flashcards

Parasitic infections of GI tract - Schoeny Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of epidemic water borne diarrheal disease in the US?

A

Giardia lamblia

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2
Q

Two forms of giardia?

A

Troph and cysts forms

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3
Q

Giardia colonizes what areas of the GI tract?

A

Duodenum and jejunum

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4
Q

Other than drinking contaminated water, how can giardia be spread?

A

Fecal to oral transmission.

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5
Q

Symptoms of giardia?

A 
Sudden onset of explosive diarrhea 1-3 weeks after exposure.
Abdominal cramping
flatulence
low grade fever
nausea/vomiting
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6
Q

Gold standard diagnosis for giardia?

A

Stool O and P

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7
Q

Other tests for giardia?

A

ELISA stool antigen testing
Stool PCR
Duodenal biopsy

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8
Q

Treatment for giardia?

A

Metronidazole or tinidazole

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9
Q

You get a microbiology report stating “falling leaf motility”. What bug should you think of?

A

Giardia

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10
Q

A patient undergoes surgery for a liver abscess. The procedure note mentions “chocolate milk-like” drainage from the abscess. What bug should you think of?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica starts by invading the intestinal epithelium. What extraintestinal sites can it spread to?

A

Liver primarily, but also the lungs, pericardium, and brain

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12
Q

Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica is done by ____.

A

O and P, serology

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13
Q

Lab report comes back showing growth of Entamoeba coli. Are you concerned?

A

No, it is non-pathogenic

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14
Q

Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Metronidazole or tinadazole

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15
Q

What parasite does not cause symptoms in immune competent patients but is a problem in immunosuppressed/HIV patients?

A

Cryptosporidium

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16
Q

What symptoms does cryptosporidium cause in immunosuppressed patients?

A

Diarrhea, dehydration, lung or gallbladder involvement.

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17
Q

Diagnosis of cryptosporidium done by _____.

A

stool AFB stain

18
Q

What is the only approved treatment for cryptosporidium?

A

Nitazoxinide (alinia)

19
Q

Helminth infections are caused by ______.

A

Worms

20
Q 
Give the common name for the following Helminth infections:
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichinella spirosis
Enterobius vermicularis
Ancylostoma and Necatur
A

Ascaris lumbricoides - intestinal roundworm
Trichinella spirosis - trichinosis
Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm
Ancylostoma and Necatur - hookworms

21
Q

What is the largest and most common Helminth infection in humans?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

22
Q

What lab finding is a hallmark of Helminth infections?

A

True eosinophilia

23
Q

Describe the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides.

A

Adult worms live in small intestine and deposit eggs into intestinal lumen.
Eggs passed into feces.
Larvae from ingested eggs enter bloodstream. Get stuck in pulmonary capillaries and rupture into alveolar spaces.
Larvae coughed up and reingested.

24
Q

Symptoms of Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Depend on worm load.

High worm load - cough, fever, wheezing, SOB, oxygen desaturation

25
Q

Diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Stool O and P

Eosins and larvae in sputum.

26
Q

Treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Mebendazole or albendazole

27
Q

A corticated egg should make you think of what parasite?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

28
Q

Trichinella spirosis is commonly found where?

A

Undercooked meat, especially pork, wild game, and bear.

29
Q

Trichinella spirosis infects what tissue?

A

Muscle tissue

30
Q

Symptoms of trichinosis?

A

Paralysis, weakness, and pain of muscles.

31
Q

Lab findings in trichinosis?

A

Elevated CK, LDH and eosinophils

32
Q

Treatment for trichinosis?

A

Albendazole or mebendazole

33
Q

Enterobius vermicularis causes what symptoms?

A

Anal pruritis

34
Q

Diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Scotch tape prep - Positive for adult worm in anal area

35
Q

Treatment for Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Mebendazole

36
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is highly contagious. What should be recommended when you diagnose one patient?

A

Recommend treatment of all in family

Wash all bedding with hot water and detergent

37
Q

Necatur and Ancyclostoma are hookworms. What systems can be affected by them?

A

Pulmonary, dermal, and GI systems.

38
Q

T/F? Hookworms can enter through the skin.

A

True

39
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by what type of hookworm?

A

Dog hookworm

40
Q

T/F? Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans is surgical excision.

A

False - this will spread eggs and infection will be worse

41
Q

Treatment for hookworms?

A

Mebendazole or albendazole

RRPA Clinical Med II (45 decks)

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