Parasitology III: Tissue Helminths Continued

Question 1

What is the distribution of Schistomsoma?

Answer 1

Africa, Middle East, South America

Question 2

Who is at risk for getting Schistosoma?

Answer 2

Those swimming/bathing/washing in unclean waters

Question 3

Symptoms of Schistosoma

Answer 3

Itchy maculopapular skin rash (swimmer’s itch)
Intermediate stage: Febrile illness
Chronic stage: Decreased blood flow to organs

Question 4

Diagnosis of Schistosoma

Answer 4

Recovery of Schistosoma eggs in feces/urine

Peripheral eosinophilia

Question 5

Treatment of Schistosoma

Answer 5

Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
Praziquantel to kill the worms

Question 6

What is the distribution of Paragonimus westermani?

Answer 6

Southeast Asia, Japan, Americas, Africa

Question 7

Who is at risk for Paragonimus infection?

Answer 7

People eating undercooked/raw crawfish and crabs

Question 8

Symptoms of Paragonimus

Answer 8

Productive cough with rusty-colored/blood-tinged sputum

Question 9

Diagnosis of Paragonimus

Answer 9

ID of Paragonimus eggs (thick and asymmetric)

Antibody tests for P. westermani antigens

Question 10

Treatment for Paragonimus

Answer 10

Praziquantel

For cerebral disease: Corticosteroids given with praziquantel

Question 11

Who is at risk for Chlonorchis infection?

Answer 11

People living in Asia who have consumed undercooked freshwater fish

Question 12

Symptoms of Chlonorchis

Answer 12

Inflammation/obstruction of the bile duct

Can also infect the liver and the gallbladder

Question 13

Diagnosis of Chlonorchis

Answer 13

ID eggs in the stool

Ultrasound/CT

Question 14

Treatment for Chlonorchis

Answer 14

Praziquantel

Albendazole

Question 15

Who is at risk for Echinococcus?

Answer 15

People who work with dog feces, sheep, or sheep-dogs

Question 16

Symptoms of Echinococcus

Answer 16

Cysts in the liver or the lung

Question 17

Diagnosis of Echinococcus

Answer 17

Presence of cysts

Question 18

Treatment of Echinococcus

Answer 18

Surgery
Albendazole
“PAIR”…Percutaneous aspiration, injection of chemicals, re-aspiration

Question 19

What does Brugia malayi cause?

Answer 19

Lymphatic filariasis

Question 20

Who is at risk for Brugia malayi?

Answer 20

People living a long time in tropical/sub-tropical climates

Question 21

Symptoms of Brugia

Answer 21

Lymphadema

Hardening/thickening of the skin: elephantitis

Question 22

Diagnosis of Brugia malayi

Answer 22

ID of microfilariae in blood smear

Question 23

Treatment of Brugia malayi

Answer 23

Diethyl-carbamazine
Ivermectin
Doxycycline

Question 24

What does Onchocerca volvulus cause?

Answer 24

River blindness

Question 25

Who is at risk for Onchocerca volvulus?

Answer 25

People who live around rivers in Africa, South and Central America where the Simulium blackfly is found

Question 26

What fly causes Onchocerca volvulus?

Answer 26

Simulium blackflies

Question 27

Symptoms of Onchocerca volvulus

Answer 27

Vision alterations | "Leopard skin"...thin skin/loss of elasticity

Question 28

Diagnosis of Onchocerca

Answer 28

Skin snips. Larvae emerge when tissues are placed in saline

Question 29

Treatment of Onchocerca

Answer 29

Ivermectin | Doxycycline

Question 30

What is the distribution of Loa Loa?

Answer 30

Western and Central Africa

Question 31

Symptoms of Loa Loa

Answer 31

"Calabar swellings"...6+ months post infection get swelling in the limbs and joints Eye itching

Question 32

What is the infectious stage of Schistosoma?

Answer 32

Cercariae in the water

Question 33

What is the diagnostic stage of Schistosoma?

Answer 33

Eggs in feces and urine

Question 34

Egg of S. hematombium

Answer 34

Terminal spike and found in the urine

Question 35

Egg of S. mansoni

Answer 35

Lateral spike and found in the feces

Question 36

Egg of S. japonicum

Answer 36

Found in the feces

Question 37

Infectious stage of Paragonimus

Answer 37

Cercariae in crustacean

Question 38

Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus

Answer 38

Unembryonated eggs in feces

Question 39

What is the infectious stage in Echinococcus?

Answer 39

Egg in the feces

Question 40

What is the diagnostic stage in Echinococcus?

Answer 40

Hydatid cyst

Question 41

What is the infectious stage of Onchocerca volvulus?

Answer 41

Larvae

Question 42

What is the diagnostic stage of Onchocerca volvulus?

Answer 42

Adult unsheathed microfilarie

Question 43

What is the infectious stage of Loa Loa?

Answer 43

Larvae

Question 44

What is the diagnostic stage of Loa Loa?

Answer 44

Sheathed microfilariae