Parasitology principles

Question 1

What is parasite ?

Answer 1

Is organism that feed on the host

Question 2

How many branches or types in parasites?

Answer 2

Two
Endoparasites
And ectoparasites

Question 3

What are the types in endoparasites?

Answer 3

Worms and protozoa

Question 4

Can free type be opportunistic?

Answer 4

Yes if there is proper environment

Question 5

What are the types of host?

Answer 5

Two
Definitive (sexually reproduction only)
Intermediate (only Asexually reproduce)

Question 6

What are the Types of transmission and it’s effect on infective agent?

Answer 6

Mechanical transmission : doesn’t interfere with infective agent
Biological transmission: Change in the infective agent

Question 7

What is protozoa ?

Answer 7

Is organism whose body has one nucleus (eukaryotic) that perform all of it’s functions

Question 8

Is protozoa prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 8

eukaryotic

Question 9

All protozoa are parasitic?

Answer 9

No some pf them has free life and others are opportunistic

Question 10

Where protozoa lives?

Answer 10

Animals and humans

Question 11

Does acanthamoeba have freelife?

Answer 11

Its opportunistic

Question 12

How many protozoa species are in human body and how many of them are pathogenic?

Answer 12

76
22
And some are completely are non pathogenic(commensal)

Question 13

Which protozoa can only cause disease in humans?

Answer 13

Plasmodia

Question 14

Give examples on zoonosis protozoa

Answer 14

Leishmania
P. Knowlesi
They infect humans and animals

Question 15

Where trypanosomiasis is prevalent?

Answer 15

Africa and South America

Question 16

Which protozoa is found worldwide?

Answer 16

Toxoplasma spp.

Question 17

What carry a parasitic infection from one host to another?

Answer 17

Arthropod vector

Question 18

Protozoan morphology can be …?

Answer 18

Round ,elongated ,egg shaped, pear shaped, spindle shape , amoebic ,oval , crescent shape or without specific shape

Question 19

Protozoa size ?

Answer 19

1_100 microns

Question 20

Body of protozoa is?

Answer 20

Protoplasm(cytoplasm,nucleoplasm)

Question 21

Cytoplasm has two layers

Answer 21

Ectoplasm, endoplasm

Question 22

What are the functions of Ectoplasm?

Answer 22

Movement, swallowing food ,excreting waste , breathing and protection of protozoa

Question 23

What the ectoplasm of Balantidiumas?

Answer 23

There is a place called peristome that perform the (cytosome)
In which food enter through cytopharynx to the endoplasm

Question 24

What are the movement organs in amoeba , blanthidium ,flagellates , trypanosoma?

Answer 24

1_Pseudopodia
2_cilia
3_flagellum
4_undullating membrane

Question 25

Talk about functions of the Endoplasm

Answer 25

Role in protozoan nutrition Role in production by the nucleus

Question 26

Explain endoplasm structure

Answer 26

-Is granular Has nutritional cavity- contractaile cavities Food reserves Presence of foreign bodies and chromatoidal bodies

Question 26

Talk about kinetoblast

Answer 26

Found in some flagellates and contains parabasal body and blepharoplast

Question 26

Where is the location of karyosome?

Answer 26

Near the nucleus and is strongly stained

Question 27

What about the nucleus might help in diagnosis?

Answer 27

Chromatin and karyosome Help in differential diagnosis as in ameobia

Question 28

Give example on ciliates has 2 nucleuses?

Answer 28

Balantidium

Question 29

What are the functions of balandtidium nucleuses?

Answer 29

Macronucleus: vegetative activities Micronucleus: reproductive operations

Question 30

How the undigested particles are pushed to the surface of protozoan ?

Answer 30

By pores called cytopyge

Question 31

When the resistant membrane develops?

Answer 31

When they reach inactive cyst stage for protection

Question 32

List some ways protozoa can reproduce by

Answer 32

.asexual .binary fission .multiple fission .rosette form .budding .schizogony,merogony Double internal division(endodiogeny) .sexual reproduction

Question 33

How apicomplexa phylum reproduces?

Answer 33

asexually and Sexually by Microgamete(male) and macrogamete(female) form zygote

Question 34

List protozoa ways of transmission

Answer 34

.oral , mucosal .blood .placenta .intercourse .end clause .biological . mechanical .host . vertebrate or invertebrate host .reservoir

Question 35

Lost the important phylums of protozoa

Answer 35

1_apicomplexa 2_sarcomastigophora 3_ciliophora 4_microspora

Question 36

List genuses that belong to apicomplexa

Answer 36

1_Babesia 2_cryptosporidium 3_cyclospora 4_isospora 5_sacrosytosis 6_toxoplasma 7_plasmodium 8_coccidia

Question 37

List genuses belong to sarcomastigophora

Answer 37

1_leishmania 2_

Question 38

List genuses belong to ciliphora

Answer 38

Balantidium

Question 39

List genuses belong to microspora

Question 40

How apicomplexa reproduce and in how many hosts?

Answer 40

Sexually and Asexually By one or two hosts