Parenteral Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement

Question 1

Fluid found in the body of an organism.

Answer 1

Body fluid

Question 2

The human body is made up of
____ fluid.

Answer 2

55–60%

Question 3

How much of the body fluid is intracellular?

Answer 3

2/3

Question 4

How much of the body fluid is extracellular?

Answer 4

1/3 (80% interstitial, 20% blood plasma or intravascular)

Question 5

The main source of fluid is from:

Answer 5

1. Ingested fluid/food
2. Metabolic water

Question 6

Water resulting from the oxidation of organic materials by a living organism.

Answer 6

Metabolic water

Question 7

Depletion of water in the body can lead to:

Answer 7

dehydration

Question 8

Too much water intake can lead to:

Answer 8

water intoxication

Question 9

Solutions given; most often clear but can be of other color. It may be in a glass bottle or plastic bag, all in
various sizes.

Answer 9

Intravenous (IV) fluids

Question 10

It protects the IV bag from light.

Answer 10

Dark-colored plastic bag

Question 11

Not commonly used now due to its fragile nature; poses risk when IV stand falls, usually comes
with a hanger.

Answer 11

Glass

Question 12

Commonly used, has embossed calibration. Medications can be instilled into the same port where the tubing is spiked into.

Answer 12

Hard plastic

Question 13

Calibration may be unreliable when the bag deflates. Has separate ports for the tubing set and the medication.

Answer 13

Plastic bag

Question 14

Having the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma; remains inside the intravascular compartment, thus expanding it.

Answer 14

Isotonic solution

Question 15

Examples of isotonic solution:

Answer 15

1. 0.9% NaCl (PNSS)
2. 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)
3. Lactated Ringer’s (PLR)

Question 16

Indications for isotonic solution:

Answer 16

1. Allows the cell to move water and nutrients in and out of itself.
2. For fluid volume deficit or hypovolemia.
3. Increase blood pressure.

Question 17

Lesser concentration of solutes; dilutes the serum, which decreases serum osmolarity. Causes the cell to swell or burst.

Answer 17

Hypotonic solution

Question 18

Examples of hypotonic solution:

Answer 18

1. 0.45% NaCl
2. 0.33% NaCl

Question 19

Indications for hypotonic solution:

Answer 19

1. Dehydrated cells
2. Fluid needs to be pit back
   intracellularly.

Question 20

Greater concentration of solutes; pulls fluid and electrolytes from the intracellular and interstitial compartments into the intravascular compartment. Causes the cell to shrink and shrivel.

Answer 20

Hypertonic solution

Question 21

Examples of hypertonic solution:

Answer 21

1. 5% Dextrose in Normal Saline (D5NSS)
2. 5% Dextrose in 0.45 NaCl (D5½NSS)
3. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s
   (D5LR)

Question 22

Indication for hypertonic solution:

Answer 22

Patients with edema

Question 23

Contains CHO and H2O; useful in preventing dehydration. Has insufficient calories.

Answer 23

Nutrient

Question 24

Examples of nutrients:

Answer 24

1. D5W
2. 45% NaCl

Question 25

Contains varying amounts of cations and anions.

Answer 25

Electrolyte

Question 26

Examples of electrolytes:

Answer 26

1. 0.9 NaCl 2. Ringer’s Solutions (sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium) 3. Lactated Ringer’s Solution

Question 27

Increases the blood volume following severe blood loss (hemorrhage) or loss of plasma (as in burn patients).

Answer 27

Volume expanders

Question 28

Examples of volume expanders:

Answer 28

1. Dextran 2. Plasma 3. Albumin

Question 29

Avoid using veins that are:

Answer 29

1. Areas of flexion 2. Highly visible; tend to roll away from needle 3. Damaged by previous use 4. Continually distended 5. Surgically compromised or with injured extremity

Question 30

Considerations for selecting IV sites:

Answer 30

1. Client’s age 2. Length of time 3. Type of solution used 4. Condition of veins

Question 31

Purposes of intravenous therapy:

Answer 31

1. Administer fluids and chemical substances when a patient is NPO. 2. Replace fluids and chemical substances. 3. Provide access to the circulatory system 4. Maintain access to the circulatory system for medication

Question 32

Small gauge needles that deliver small quantities of medicines, deliver fluids via the scalp veins in infants, and draw blood samples.

Answer 32

Butterfly needle