Urinary Elimination

Question 1

A system of organs that produce and excrete urine.

Answer 1

Urinary System

Question 2

The liquid waste of the body.

Answer 2

Urine

Question 3

2 Functions of the Urinary System:

Answer 3

Blood filtration
Urine production

Question 4

Components of the Urinary System:

Answer 4

1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra

Question 5

Remove waste products from the body.

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

Functions of the kidneys:

Answer 6

1. Remove drugs from the body.
2. Balance the body’s fluids.
3. Release hormones (Renin) that regulate blood pressure.
4. Produce an active from of Vitamin D (Calcitriol) that promotes strong and healthy bones.
5. Control the production of red blood cells (Erythropoietin).

Question 7

Transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Answer 7

Ureters

Question 8

Stores urine up to 4 hours.

Answer 8

Bladder

Question 9

Discharges urine from the body.

Answer 9

Urethra

Question 10

Nephrons are derived from the Greek word _______ meaning “kidney.”

Answer 10

nephros

Question 11

How many nephrons are in each human kidney?

Answer 11

Approximately 200,000 - 1.8M

Question 12

Functional unit of the urinary system.

Answer 12

Nephrons

Question 13

It is where the blood is filtered.

Answer 13

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 14

Each nephron unit comprises the:

Answer 14

1. Arterioles
2. Glomerulus
3. Bowman’s Capsule
4. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
5. Loop of Henle

Question 15

Percentage of the urine filtrate that is reabsorbed.

Answer 15

99%

Question 16

Calculi or stones that form along the urinary tract.

Answer 16

Urolithiasis

Question 17

Inflammation of the urinary epithelium in response to colonization with pathogen.

Answer 17

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Question 18

Pathogens involved in UTI:

Answer 18

1. E. coli
2. Staphylococcus
3. Proteus
4. Klebsiella

Question 19

UTI on the upper region:

Answer 19

Pyelonephritis

Question 20

UTI on the lower region:

Answer 20

Cystitis and Urethritis

Question 21

Females are more prone to UTI
because of a:

Answer 21

shorter urethra

Question 22

Normal urine pH:

Answer 22

4.6 - 8.0

Question 23

Normal appearance of urine:

Answer 23

Clear

Question 24

Normal color of urine:

Answer 24

Amber or straw

Question 25

Normal odor of urine:

Answer 25

Aromatic

Question 26

Normal specific gravity of urine:

Answer 26

1.010 - 1.025

Question 27

Normal Protein (Albumin) content in urine:

Answer 27

Absent

Question 28

Normal Glucose content in urine:

Answer 28

None

Question 29

Normal ketones content in urine:

Answer 29

None

Question 30

Normal blood content in urine:

Answer 30

Up to 2 RBCs

Question 31

Microscopic examination would show that RBC is:

Answer 31

1-2/low power field

Question 32

Microscopic examination would show that WBC is:

Answer 32

0-4/low power field

Question 33

Microscopic examination would show that bacteria are:

Answer 33

none

Question 34

A follow-up repeat urinalysis can be ordered if there is an:

Answer 34

increased amount of epithelium

Question 35

An increased amount of epithelium, indicates that the specimen is:

Answer 35

not midstream

Question 36

Increased WBC amount may indicate an:

Answer 36

infection

Question 37

Ranges 1-3

Answer 37

Hydrated

Question 38

Ranges 4-8

Answer 38

Dehydrated

Question 39

Altered Urine Composition:

Answer 39

1. Hematuria – RBC 2. Pyuria – pus 3. Bacteria 4. Albuminuria – albumin 5. Proteinuria – protein 6. Glucosuria – glucose 7. Ketonuria - ketones

Question 40

Normal range of urine production:

Answer 40

30-66cc/hr.

Question 41

Urine production of more than 100cc/hr.

Answer 41

Polyuria

Question 42

Urine production of less than 30cc/hr.

Answer 42

Oliguria

Question 43

Urine production of less than 10cc/hr. or none.

Answer 43

Anuria

Question 44

Frequent voiding

Answer 44

Frequency

Question 45

Increased urinary frequency at nighttime.

Answer 45

Nocturia

Question 46

Urge to void but having difficulty in voiding.

Answer 46

Urgency

Question 47

Uncontrolled leaking

Answer 47

Incontinence

Question 48

Bladder not totally emptied

Answer 48

Retention

Question 49

Painful urination

Answer 49

Dysuria

Question 50

Difficulty in initiating voiding of at least 5 seconds.

Answer 50

Hesitancy