Parkinson’s Disease And Drug Therapy Flashcards
(46 cards)
Disturbance of planning?
Apraxia
Ballismus?
High amplitude flailing of the limbs on one side of the body
Hemiballismus pathophysiology?
Disruption of indirect pathway at STN
What causes hemiballismus?
Stroke
Tic disorder?
Brief repetitive stereotype movements with a premonitory urge (uncomfortable feeling)
Coprolalia?
Swearing
Chorea?
Jerky, brief, not repetitive, flowing contracting
Chorea pathophysiology?
problem in STN in indirect pathway
What causes chorea?
Huntington’s and neuroleptics
Huntington’s chorea genetics?
Trinucleotide repeat chromosome 4
Autosomal dominant
Longer the repeat sequence the earlier the disease presents
Myoclonus?
Brief movement, rapid onset and offset. Positive and negative
Causes of myoclonus
Prion
Juvenile myoclonus epilepsy
Brain hypoxia
Dystonia?
Abnormal twisting posture, may be associated with jerking movement
Possible pathophysiology for dystonia?
Abnormal dopaminergic activity in basal ganglia: blocking dopamine receptors and treatment with levodopa
Dystonia causes?
Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, encephalitis, stroke, brain injury
Kinetic tremor?
Nose finger
Essential tremors
Predominantly postural
Essential tremor is due to?
Gabaergic dysfunction in cerebellum
Problems with dopamine blocking agents?
Oculogyric crisis (spasmodic movements of eye usually upwards), neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Subacute: drug induced Parkinsonism
Long term: tardive dyskinesia
Parkinsonism triad of symptoms?
Bradykinesia, rigidity and shaking (resting tremor)
Parkinson’s: REM parasomnia?
Sleep disorders, unusual movement, emotion, behaviour and dreams between different stages of sleep
Pathophysiology of PD?
Lack of dopamine from substantia nigra
Percentage cell loss of dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra?
70%
Causes of Parkinsonism?
Idiopathic over 80, diffuse levy body, drugs, hydrocephalus, Wilson’s disease, rare familial, cerebri vascular disease