Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PULMO DISEASE MANAGEMENT INTRO > PART 1 > Flashcards

PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The exchange between the aveolar gas and the blood

A

external respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

exhange of gases between blood and tissues at the cellular level

A

internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

exhange of gases between blood and tissues at the cellular level

A

internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gas exhange occurs to what kind of diffusion? Due to?

A

a. Siimple diffusion
b. due to gas pressure gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 kinds of period in the development of the RS

A

Embryonic Period, Fetal Period, Alveolar period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Injury to the embryo or genetic damage during the embryonic phase of development can lead to many congenital problems including

A

tracheoesophageal fistulas, esophageal atresia, choanal atresia, pulmonary hypoplasia, coomplex heart, vascular anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Infants who are younger than ______ are at greater risk for developing respiratory distress, among other reasons to the lack of mature alveoli in the lungs

A

32 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

occurs during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy.

A

embryonic period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Major organs will develop during this period

A

embryonic period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

occurs during the remaining 32 weeks of pregnancy.During this period, the organs continue to develop and refine their structure and function

A

fetal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structure that is made up of three distinct germinal tissue layers that ultimately form all tissues and organs

A

embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 distinct germinal tissue layers that ultimately form all tissues and organs

A

endoderm,mesoderm, ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Respiratory tract
Digestive tract, bladder, and thyroid
Liver and pancreas

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dermis and muscles
Bone, connective and lymph tissue
Reproductive and cardiovascular system

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epidermis, hair, and nails
Lens of eyes and skin glands
Central and peripheral nervous system

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

approximately 6-16 weeks of development, lung and airway growth has the appearance of a glandular structure.Development of cilia, mucuos gands

A

pseudoglandular stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What week is the growth and branching of the tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary vasculature continue and culminate with the formation of the terminal and respira¬tory bronchioles.

A

10th week(Pseudoglandular stage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

begins at week 16 and continues until week 26.

A

canalicular stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

more ter¬minal bronchioles and their associated acini form and develop from 26 weeks to birth. The formation of the total number of terminal bronchioles is complete at the end of this phase

A

Terminal saccular stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The development of mature alveoli,(32 weeks to 8 years accompanied by capillary proliferation around their outside walls, marks the final phase of lung development.

A

Alveolar period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Human pulmonary surfactant which promotes lung inflation and protects the elveolar surface begins to produces around what weeks?

A

24-25 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the actual gas exchange for the fetus

A

maternal placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 important bypasspathways or shunts function in the developing fetus

A

Ductus venousus, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

it enhances the flow of blood to the developing organs

A

shunts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how many percent of fetal blood bypasses the pulmonary circulation from formane ovale to ductus arteriosus?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

basic gas-exchanging unit of the lung.

A

acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fetal pH is normally 0.1 unit lower than maternal pH

TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The O2 content and delivery by fetal blood are almost the
same as adult blood despite the much lower PO2.

TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In fetal circulation aproximately one-third of this blood
flows to ?

A

lower trunk and extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The other two-thirds
flows through the ______ bypassing the liver’s circulation,
and flows to the inferior vena cava.

A

ductus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Approximately 50% of this blood is shunted from
the right atrium into the left atrium through an opening in the
interatrial septum called the

A

foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Before birth, _______% of the fetal blood bypasses the
pulmonary circulation through the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus
(right-to-left shunting). Any additional shunting after birth is considered an
anomaly.

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A newborn’s larynx lies higher in the neck than the larynx
of an adult, with the glottis located between C3 and C4, and is
more funnel-shaped than that of an adult. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The epiglottis of an infant
is longer and less flexible than the epiglottis of an adult and lies
higher and in a more horizontal position. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

It is a cone-shaped cavity that houses
the lungs, heart, and the contents of the mediastinum.It protects the vital organs within and is capable of
changing shape to enable air to be moved into and out of the
lungs.

A

Thorcacic Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The inner layer of the
thoracic wall in contact with the lungs is lined with a serous
membrane called the

A

parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the
outer surface of the lungs.

A

Visceral Pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

long, vertical flat bone found on the anterior
side that is composed of three bones: the manubrium, the body
(or gladiolus), and the xiphoid process.

A

sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet,
the anterior chest wall shows a slight depression that forms an oblique angle
(when viewed from the side). This depression is referred to as the

A

angle of
Louis.

39
Q

Ribs 8 through 12 are calledRibs 8 through 12 are called

A

false ribs

40
Q

primary muscles of ventilation.

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

41
Q

disease characterized by the destruction of the elastic alveolar
tissue of the lungs.

A

Emphysema

42
Q

exhalation is passive, TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

43
Q

active during forceful inspiration and become visible as thick
bands on either side of the neck during the inspiratory phase
in an individual who is in respiratory distress.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

44
Q

are broad fan-shaped
muscles of the upper anterior chest

A

pectoralis muscles

45
Q

are flat, triangular muscles located on
the upper back and neck

A

Trapezius muscles

46
Q

inflammation of the pleura

A

pleurisy

47
Q

multi-lobed, cone-shaped, sponge-like organs that
lie within the pleural cavities

A

lungs

48
Q

clear
fluid from the interstitial and pleural spaces to help maintain
the fluid balance in the lungs.

A

lymphatic system

49
Q

Effects of the Parasympathetic
Nervous System

A

Salivation/↑ secretions/sweating
• Lacrimation
• Urination
• Gastrointestinal upset
• Bradycardia/bronchoconstriction/bowel movement
• Abdominal cramps/anorexia
• Miosis (pupils become constricted

50
Q

Patients with advanced _______ often use accessory muscles
to assist the flattened diaphragm, helping relieve their work
of breathing.

A

COPD

51
Q

plays a central role in the control
of fluid and protein balance within the lung and houses various
defensive cells.

A

Lymphatic circulation

52
Q

expiratory sound caused by the sudden closure
of the glottis during exhalation to maintain FRC and prevent
alveolar atelectasis.

A

grunting

53
Q

houses and protects the lungs; it is also a movable
shell that makes ventilation possible

A

thorax

54
Q

assist the diaphragm
and intercostal muscles when ventilatory demand increases

A

accessory muscles of ventilation

55
Q

The scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoral, and abdominal
wall muscles

A

predominant accessory muscles.

56
Q

The _____________________ is capable of acting as a reservoir,
removing blood clots and numerous mediators, as well as
activating important vasoactive agents.

A

pulmonary circulation

57
Q

The _________ is a branch of the systemic circuit
and is supplied with blood from the aorta via minor thoracic
branches.

A

bronchial circulation

58
Q

All of the major structures of the respiratory system are innervated
by branches of the peripheral nervous system namely the

A

autonomic
and somatic branches.

59
Q

provides voluntary and automatic motor
control and sensory innervation to the chest wall and respiratory
muscles.

A

soamtic system

60
Q

20-23 days to 6th week

A

embryonic period

61
Q

7th week to 40th week

A

Fetal period

62
Q

Birth to 27 years old

A

post natal

63
Q

what are the 4 stages of fetal period?

A

PSEUDOGLANDULAR STAGE
CANALICULAR STAGE
TERMINAL SACCULAR STAGE
ALVEOLAR STAGE

64
Q

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?*

A

. Continuous absorption of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide

65
Q

By what mechanism does gas exchange across the lung occur?

A

simple diffusion

66
Q

The fetus is potentially viable if born prematurely after how many weeks of gestation?*

A

. 24 to 26 weeks

67
Q

During which phase of fetal development do mature alveoli appear?

A

. Alveolar

68
Q

What maintains lung inflation during fetal development?*

A

Fetal lung fluid

69
Q

Abnormalities of the placenta that can cause intrauterine growth retardation or fetal asphyxia include which of the following

A

? 1. Abnormal implantation of the placenta 2. Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall 3. Decreased placental blood flow*

70
Q

In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to flow between which two structures?*

A

Right atrium to left atrium

71
Q

What percentage of right ventricular output is circulated through the fetal lungs?*

A

10%

72
Q

What strong stimulus to the infant provides the impetus for the first breath

A

Acidosis

73
Q

Which factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult?*

A

Tongue that is proportionally larger

74
Q

Approximately how many alveoli are there in a 10-year-old’s lung?*

A

480 million

75
Q

What is the physiologic result of the infants’ more compliant thorax compared with that of an adult?*

A

Their functional residual capacity is reduced based on predicted body weight (PBW).

76
Q

Running vertically down each hemithorax anteriorly is an imaginary line that is used as an anatomical landmark. What is that line called?*

A

Midclavicular line

77
Q

What is the name of the thin serous membrane that covers the inner layer of the thoracic wall?*

A

Parietal pleura

78
Q

Where does the sternal angle lie?*

A

At the join between the manubrium and sternal body

79
Q

Which of rib pairs connect directly to the sternum?*

A

. 1 through 7

80
Q

The intercostal arteries, veins, and nerves run through which of the following

A

. Costal groove on the bottom of each rib

81
Q

Which of the following muscles are considered primary muscles of ventilation

A
  1. Diaphragm2. Intercostals
82
Q

. Approximately what percent of the normal changes in thoracic volume during quiet inspiration is due to the action of the diaphragm?*

A

75

83
Q

Compared to a normal diaphragm, contraction of a diaphragm that is low and flat may result in which of the following

A

Compression of the thoracic cavity

84
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic

85
Q

What is the lowest level on the spinal cord that an injury could cause diaphragmatic impairment or paralysis?*

A

C3

86
Q

Which accessory muscles are active during resting and active inspiration and pull up on all the ribs expanding the thorax?*

A

External intercostals

87
Q

As ventilatory muscles, the sternocleidomastoids do which of the following?

A

They elevate the upper chest, increasing chest anteroposterior diameter

88
Q

Which accessory muscles of ventilation work to pull the ribs closer together?*

A

Internal intercostals

89
Q

Which accessory muscles of ventilation work to pull the ribs closer together?*

A

Internal intercostals

90
Q

The abdominal muscles can actually contribute to inspiration by*

A

contracting at end-exhalation

91
Q

What is the function of the very small amount of pleural fluid that is found in the pleural space?*

A

Reduces friction

92
Q

What will most commonly blunt the costophrenic angle as seen on chest radiograph in an upright individual?

A

. Excess fluids

93
Q

Why is the left lung narrower than the right lung?*

A

Mediastinal organs push laterally into the left hemithorax

94
Q

Which of the following statements describes a normal adult lung?*

A

The right lung has three lobes and two fissures

PULMO DISEASE MANAGEMENT INTRO (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions