Part 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Fourteen Points
Wilson’s plan for peace; Know six: 1. Abolition of secret diplomacy; 2. Freedom of the seas; 3. Removal of international economic barriers; 4. Reduction of arms; 5. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims or self-determination; 6. Establishment of a general association of nations (League of Nations)
Treaty of Versailles
important!-Big 4-German loss of colonial possessions, loss of European territory, reduction of the army, surrender all military equipment, reparations of $56.5 billion
Article 231
war guilt clause; forced the central powers (mainly Germany) to assume responsibility for starting the war; reason why there could be harsh restrictions against Germany
Article X
Senate didn’t like it and was one reason they wouldn’t sign the Treaty of Versailles; Senate feared that the League of Nations would be able to send American troops without the consent of Congress
Big Four
The main players at the Paris conference (where they come up with the Treaty of Versailles); President Wilson, David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Uncle Shylock
Characterization of Uncle Sam; Comes from Shakespeare’s the Merchant of Venice; Shylock the loan shark; Given this because the US wants to collect inter-allied war debt
Dawes Plan
Reduce the annual payment for Germany, Extend the time for payment, and given more loans
Young Plan
Dawes and young=priming the pump; set the amount and the time they had to pay it
Prime the Pump
ID-US gives Germany money because the US was owed money from GB and France; US hopes that Germany will pay up and then GB and France will pay the US; The term comes from the idea of pumping from a well
League of Nations
Formed after WWI to promote international peace and security; Fails; Unable to stop major aggression
Washington Conference
important-Took place in Washington D.C.; Great Britain, United States, Japan, France, Italy, China, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal-naval disarmament
Four Power Treaty
US, Great Britain, Japan, and France; says that they are going to respect one another’s rights in the Pacific; Confer in the event of a dispute
Nine Power Treaty
All at the Conference; deals with China and keeping the Open Door Policy; guarantees the political and the territorial integrity of China
Five Power Treaty
Great Britain, United States, Japan, France, and Italy. Fixes the relative tonnage (number) of warships for each nation. 5, 5, 3, 1 2/3, 1 2/3; Everyone had to expand and shrink at the same rate; Grants a ten year moratorium or naval holiday from building warships (for ten years, no one builds ships)
Locarno Pact
Sets the boundaries after WWI; says that everyone’s okay with the way things are set up; agree never to go to war with each other; GB, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Poland; Agree to the demilitarization of the Rhineland (between France and Germany and acts as a buffer between the two countries)
Kellogg Briand Pact
Outlaws war; Means absolutely nothing
Geneva Conference
The signatories of the Washington Conference (GB, US and Japan); Talked for 6 weeks and concluded nothing
How did the USA Officially end WWI?
President Harding signed a resolution saying the war with Germany is over in 1921
Independent Internationalism
Title given to the time after WWI and before WWII; Not isolationism; US didn’t join all of the political organizations but were still globally active economically
Hoover’s offer to England
Give up Bermuda, Honduras and Trinidad; all debt is forgiven; did not agree; The fact that the US wanted these three islands shows that Imperialism is still alive-controlling another country culturally, economically and socially
WWII
Fought over fascism
Collective Security
idea that the League will come together and stop aggression; Does not happen because the US does not join the League because they didn’t sign the Treaty; Cannot stop the aggression without the strongest military power in the world
Anthony Eden
Minister of Foreign affairs later Prime Minster; From England; Came up with the idea of Collective Security
Totalitarianism
Complete control of a leader over a nation
