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Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

If you see an abnormal non skeletal area that you think should be investigated how should you proceed?

A

Special procedures

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2
Q

What are the 3 special procedures ?

A

Ultrasonography (diagnostic ultrasound), contrast media studies, and CT (with or w out contrast)

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3
Q

What are the 5 things that we can see on film (water density outlined by oil density) >

A

Kidneys, spleen, liver, bladder, psoas muscles

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4
Q

What are of the kidneys can we see?

A

Upper, lower poles, and lateral boarders

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5
Q

What part of the spleen can we see?

A

Lower and maybe a little medial broader

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6
Q

What part of the liver can we see?

A

Lower boarder

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7
Q

What part of the bladder can we see?

A

Upper and lateral

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8
Q

What part of the psoas can we see?

A

Lateral borders

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9
Q

What are the 4 causes for non visualization of tissues?>/

A
  1. Blurred from patient motion
  2. Superimposed gas and fecal material
  3. Adjacent fluid
  4. Absence ( congenital or surgical )
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10
Q

What are 2 reasons for structures appearing smaller than normal?

A

Underdeveloped or atrophied

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11
Q

What are reasons for structures appearing larger than normal? (4)

A

Engorged, tumorous or swollen, overdeveloped (compensation probably)

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12
Q

What is the rarest type of habitus ?

A

Hypersthenic

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13
Q

What is the organ positions of someone with a hypersthenic body type?

A

More transverse and highly placed.

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14
Q

What is the second rarest habitus?

A

Asthenic

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15
Q

What is the position of organs/shape of someone with an asthenic type of body?

A

Has a very narrow thorax and abdomen. Most of their gear hangs low into the pelvic region, and their transverse colons and stomachs are often crowded into the pelvic cavity

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16
Q

What is the 2nd most common type of habitus ?

A

Hyposthenic

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17
Q

What is the most common type of habitus?

A

Sthenic

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18
Q

What percent of the population has a sthenic body type?

A

48%

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19
Q

What percent of people have a hyposthenic body type?

A

35%

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20
Q

What percent of ppl have a asthenic body type?

A

12%

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21
Q

What percent of people have a hypersthenic body type?

A

5%

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22
Q

what would find in the RUQ?

A

Liver, right kidney, part of the right psoas muscle, hepatic flexure

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23
Q

What would you find in the LUQ?

A

Spleen, left kidney, part of the right psoas muscle, and splenic flexure,

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24
Q

What would you find in the RLQ> ?

A

Lower part of the right psoas muscle, cecum, and right part of the bladder.

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25
What would you ind in the LLQ?
Left part of the bladder and sigmoid colon.
26
What is a conduits?
Track like or tubular have linear streaks
27
What is the etiology of atherosclerosis of the aorta?
Linked to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides but is unknown.
28
How does atherosclerosis of the aorta appear?
2 parallel lines (conduits tracks or tram track appearance).
29
Is the tract seen in atherosclerosis of the aorta continuous or not?
It is usually discontinuous (may be continuous in advanced cases)
30
What is the normal diameter of the abdominal aorta?
1 inch
31
What age is atherosclerosis of the aorta common?
50 and up
32
A vertebral body on an AP film normally is a little more than ___times bigger than aorta
2
33
How are aneurysms classified?
1st by location, 2nd by shape, 3rd is true or false.
34
What does true mean when talking about abdominal aorta?
Dilation of an artery including the intimal layer and false means a dissection causing dilation of the arterial layers.
35
What % of abdominal aortas demonstrate a calcific rim?
75-86%
36
What are most abdominal aortic aneurysms caused by?
Atherosclerosis
37
What sex, ethnisisty and age are abdominal aortas common?
85% dudes, 90% whities, 50 and up
38
Are most abdominal aortic aneurysims fusiform or saccular?
80% fusiform
39
What spinal location are AAA found?
Between the 2nd and 4th lumbars
40
What blood vessels are AAA found?
Renal and common iliac arteries
41
On an AP film where are AAA found?
To the left
42
__cm usually don't rupture but 10% of those will?
5
43
__cm usually do rupture, this being the PEAK incident?
7
44
What are 3 changes seen on a radiograph for a AAA?
Marked change in location of calcific plaques, soft tissue mass, loss of psoas muscle or kidney shadow
45
Are anterior vertebral body erosions common in AAA?
No dude
46
If anterior vertebral body calcification is seen in a AAA what is it called?
Corticated concave defect
47
Are AAA usually symptomatic ?
No, nothing 75% of the time
48
What are symptoms (3) of AAA?
Low back pain that may radiate, abdominal pain, flake pain
49
The presence of pain in a AAA is called what?
Signals seepage called pending rupture
50
What are clinical findings that may make you suspisous of a AAA?
Bruit, palpable (90% of the time) , decrease in pedal pulse
51
Common iliac arteries Atherosclerosis and aneurysms are seen where on the spine?
L4- sacrum
52
For a iliac arterie aneurysms what size should it not exceed?
1.5 cm
53
Splenic artery atherosclerosis or aneurysms usually present as what/
Serpiginous (wavy/tortuous)
54
Splenic artery Aneurysims are usually seen in______over the age of______
Dudes, 50
55
If the person is under 50 and has a splenic artery aneurysms they are what?
Prob a girl (common in preg)
56
Most splenic artery Aneurysms in females are________?
Saccular
57
What sign is usually seen with splenic artery aneurysms ?
Rim
58
Where in the spine are renal artery aneurysms found?
L1-L3
59
What are calcified venous thrombi?
Phleboliths
60
Where are phleboliths commonly seen?
Usually close to the pelvic rim below the ischial spines
61
Besides the pelvic rim below the Ishial spines where Elise are phleboliths common?
In scrotal veins interior to the symphysis pubis
62
Phleboliths are commonly seen in ______________of soft tissue structures?
Hemangioma
63
Should phleboliths be midline?
No
64
What can cause phleboliths to shift inferiorly ?
Distended bladder
65
_________MOVE_________DONT
Stones, phleboliths
66
Where are kidney stones collected?
Pelvic-calaceal system
67
What percent of kidney stones can be seen on plain film ?
80/90
68
How would you describe kidney stones?
Small HOMOGENEOUSLY DENSE STRUCTRES (no lucent centers
69
What are the common shapes of kidney stones?
Round, oval, irregular, often with a peak
70
On the lateral film calculi will overlie the spine often over what ?
Posterior aspect of the VB
71
What symptom is common in kidney stones?
low back pain
72
Urinar calculi that remain in the kidney are usually painful? T or F
FALSE
73
When calcium filled the fall es and renal pelvis what is this called?
Staghorn calculi
74
What percent of urethral calculi are viable?
80-90%
75
What is the shape of urethral calculi?
Homogenous and oval
76
What are the normal size of urethral calculi ?
1-3cm
77
Where are the 3 locations where urethral calculi most commonly lodge?
L1 -l3 paraspinally at the pelvicourethral junction, brim of the pelvis, within 1 in of the ishcal spine superiory at the vesicourethral junction, which is the most common
78
Is passing a stone usually asymtomatic?
No
79
___% of urethral calculi pass spontaneously in ____to_____days?
93%, 3-4
80
What percent of bladder (vesical) calculi are see on plain film?
80=90
81
Bladder are stones are usually large but can be overlooked when______?
Smalll
82
Bladder stores are usually what shapes?
Round, oval, stellate (jackstone)
83
What is the most common cause for bladder stones?
Urinary stasis, or infection
84
In what population are bladder stones seen?
98% old white dudes
85
Where are bladder stones usually located?
Supra pubic region closer to midline
86
Bladder stone could be found fighter or laterally positioned due to what?
Prostatic hypertrophy
87
What position are bladder stores due to prostatic hypertrophy or carcinoma?
Superiority
88
How do nephrocalcinosis appear?
Small clumps of stippled (punctuate) calcifications in the kidney parenchyma
89
95% of nephrocalcnosis are located where?
Medullary
90
5% of neprocalcinosis are located where?
Coral
91
Are neprocalcinosis usually unilateral or bilateral, singular or widespread?
Bilateral, and wide spread.
92
What percent on gallstones are radiopaque?
10-20%
93
Are positive gasstones more common seen that kidney stones especially in chiropractic practice?
Yes
94
Are there usually one or multiple gall stores and what is the orientation?
Mult, farted, with peripheral rim calfication
95
Old gallstones are often_____?
Lamented (like a trees rings)
96
In GB stones lucent internal branding cracks filled with nitrogen gas may be seen, this is called what?
Mercedes benz or crow food sign
97
When do you see the Mercedes benz sign?
When old BG stones shrink and dehydrate
98
What quadrant would you find GB stones?
RUQ
99
On the lateral film are GB stones anterior or posterior to the spine?
Anterior
100
Are gallstones usually symptomatic ?
No
101
Small GB stones smaller that ___CM can pass easily.
5
102
When will the patient feel pain with a gall stone?
Recurrent stones, obstruction of duct (cystic duct), perforation of the gab wal with fistula.
103
What are pneumobilia /.
Gas in the ducts
104
What is it called if a call stone causes a bowl obstruction ?
Gall stone ileus
105
Do most Gb carcinomas have stones?
Yes
106
With milk of calcium bile how does the gallbladder appear?
Very dense like you're doing a contrast exam
107
What films help with a milk of calcium bile?
Upright
108
What is seen on a upright film looking at milk of calcium bile ?
Horizontal fluid level
109
What is the cause of porcelain or petrified GB?
Unknown maybe dude to chronic cholecystits
110
What is seen in porcelain GB?
Thin linear calficaiton in the muscular wall or submucosal layer of the gb
111
What is the shape of the calcination in porcelain GB?
Pear shaped, oval moraine
112
What duct may be obstructive in porcelain GB?
Cystic
113
In porcelain GB what is the significance?
Carcinoma occur in 20%

Chest (2 decks)

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