Part 1

Question 1

Interdependent Society characteristics (6)

Answer 1

Interest of Group

Cooperation, Harmony (wa)

Consideration, self-sacrifice

Conflict avoidance

Social Welfare State

Greater distribution of wealth, less social inequality

Question 2

Individual Society characteristics (5)

Answer 2

Uniqueness of Individuals

Self-Sufficiency, Autonomy

Assertiveness, Competition

Capitalism (“survival of the fittest”)

Greater differences among individuals

Question 3

Individual Society difference

Answer 3

Everyone is to take care of him/herself and his or her
immediate family only

”I” consciousness

Right of privacy

Speaking one’s mind is healthy

Others classified as individuals

Personal opinion expected: one person one vote

Transgression of norms leads to guilt feelings

Languages in which the word “I” is indispensable

Purpose of education is learning how to learn

Task prevails over relationship

Question 4

Collectivist/Interdependent Society

Answer 4

People are born into extended families or clans which protect them in exchange for loyalty

“we” consciousness

Stress on belonging

Harmony should be maintained

Others classified as in-group or out-group

Opinions and votes predetermined by in-group

Transgression of norms leads to shame feelings

Languages in which the word “I” is avoided

Purpose of education is learning how to do

Relationship prevails over task

Question 5

Uchi

Answer 5

Refers to the inside, the familiar, the home, and is associated with something cleanliness, safety, and purity.

Question 6

Soto

Answer 6

Refers to the outside, denotes the unknown and the unfamiliar, and can also be associated with something dangerous, impure, and dirty.