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Pharmacology Final Exam > Part 1 (anticoagulants, antihyperlipidemic, pain and inflammation > Flashcards

Part 1 (anticoagulants, antihyperlipidemic, pain and inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of Heparin?

A

Combines with antithrombin III to inactivate clotting factors 9, 10, 11, and 12

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2
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Heparin?

A

prophylaxis of DVT, PE, MI, management of acute thromboembolic disorders

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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of Heparin?

A

Hemorrhage (blood in stool, hematuria, hematemesis, brain hemorrhage) HIT

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4
Q

What are the contraindication of Heparin?

A

Active bleeding, intracranial bleed, Hx of gastric ulcers

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5
Q

What are the nursing actions of Heparin?

A

Monitor aPPT, protamine sulfate is the antidote, narrow therapeutic range, assess for bleeding

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6
Q

What are the patient teachings with Heparin?

A

If bleeding, apply pressure until it stops (up to 10 mins), fall/bleeding precautions

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7
Q

What drug class is warfarin in?

A

Vitamin K Antagonist

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8
Q

What is the action of Warfarin?

A

Prevents synthesis of Vitamin K clotting factors 2, 7, 9, and 10

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9
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Warfarin?

A

Long -term prevention or management of thromboembolic disorders

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of Warfarin?

A

Hemorrhage, N/V, abdominal pain, dizziness, joint/muscle pain, urticaria, alopecia,

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11
Q

What is Warfarin’s BBW for?

A

Risk of major hemorrhaging

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12
Q

what are the contraindications for taking Warfarin?

A

GI ulcerations, blood disorders, recent surgery of the eye, spinal cord, or brain

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13
Q

What the nursing actions for Warfarin?

A

Monitor INR, narrow therapeutic range, assess for s/sx of thrombotic disorders, Vitamin K is the antidote

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14
Q

What are the patient teachings for Warfarin?

A

Reduce cardiovascular risk factors, take as prescribed, use an electric razor, fall/bleed precautions, don’t walk barefoot.

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15
Q

What is the action of Alteplase?

A

Catalyzes conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, breaking down blood clots

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16
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Alteplase?

A

acute coronary arterial thromboembolism

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17
Q

What are the adverse effects of Alteplase?

A

Bleeding, symptomatic brain hemorrhage

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18
Q

What are the contraindications for taking Alteplase?

A

uncontrolled severe HTN, aneurysm, intracranial or intraspinal surgery or trauma; no recommended for those over 80 yrs

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19
Q

What are the nursing actions for Alteplase?

A

only experienced personnel can give Alteplase, assess for cardiac dysrhythmias, check INR, aPPT, platelet count, and fibrinogen; IV only

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20
Q

What drug class is Atorvastatin (statins) in?

A

Antihyperlipidemic

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21
Q

What is the action of Atorvastatin?

A

inhibits an enzyme needed for synthesis of cholesterol; CYP450 enzyme is needed for the metabolism in the liver

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22
Q

What is the therapeutic use for Atrovastatin?

A

primary prevention of CAD, CVD, and tx of hypercholesterolemia

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23
Q

what are the adverse effects of Atorvastatin?

A

generally well tolerated – N/D, constipation, HA, rash, hepatic dysfunction, myopathies

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24
Q

what are the contraindication of taking Atorvastatin?

A

Pregnancy, lactation, active liver disease

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25
Q

What are the nursing actions of Atorvastatin

A

Monitor lipid response

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26
Q

What is the patient teaching for Atorvastatin?

A

Best taken with evening meal, don’t drink grapefruit juice, exercises and low-fat diet helps improve cholesterol levels

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27
Q

what is the action of Niacin?

A

increases HDL cholesterol

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28
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Niacin

A

no longer used as a dyslipidemia agent

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29
Q

what are the adverse effects of Niacin?

A

potential risk of hepatotoxicity, potential for hyperglycemia, skin flushing, pruritis, GI irritation, hepatitis

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30
Q

what are the nursing actions for Niacin?

A

Niacin- statin combination increases risk of hepatotoxicity.

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31
Q

What drug class is Fenofibrate in?

A

Fibrates (antihyperlipidemic)

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32
Q

what is the action of Fenofibrate?

A

increase oxidation in fatty acids, decreasing hepatic production of triglycerides, decreases VLDL and increases HDL

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33
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Fenofibrate?

A

reduction of triglyceride values, tx of hypertriglyceridemia.

34
Q

what are the adverse effects of Fenofibrate?

A

GI discomfort, diarrhea, increased risk of gallstone formation

35
Q

what are the contraindication of Fenofibrate?

A

hepatic or severe renal disease; preexisting gallbladder disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, or persistent liver function abnormalities of unknown origin

36
Q

what are the nursing actions for Fenofibrate?

A

may enhance warfarin; give w/ food to increase absorption, therapeutic effects occur in 1 month

37
Q

what drug class is Aspirin in?

A

salicylate

38
Q

what is the action of Aspirin?

A

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, prevents platelet aggression; blocks pain receptors, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic

39
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Aspirin?

A

relieves mild to moderate pain; decreases inflammation in those with arthritis, reduces fever in adults

40
Q

what are the adverse effects of Aspirin?

A

N/V, GI discomfort, potential risk for GI bleeds, ASA toxicity, bruising

41
Q

what is the BBW for Aspirin?

A

Children and teens with viral illness at increased risk for Reyes syndrome; potentially fetal encephalopathy and fatty liver

42
Q

what are the contraindication for Aspirin?

A

children and teens with viral illnesses, pregnancy

43
Q

what is the nursing actions for Aspirin?

A

do not give with other NSAID’s, assess for ASA toxicity (tinnitus)

44
Q

what is the patient teaching for Aspirin?

A

take w/ food and full glass of water; avoid or minimize alcohol intake, do not take concurrently w/ other NSAID’s

45
Q

is acetaminophen (Tylenol) an NSAID?

A

NO

46
Q

what is the action of acetaminophen?

A

act directly on hypothalamus to increase vasodilation and sweating to reduce fever; analgesic

47
Q

what is the therapeutic use for acetaminophen?

A

reduces fever and decreases minor pain

48
Q

what are the adverse effects of acetaminophen?

A

hepatotoxicity, renal failure, myocardial damage

49
Q

what are the contraindications for acetaminophen?

A

cation in pregnany and lactation

50
Q

what is the nursing actions with acetaminophen?

A

give with food

51
Q

what is the patient teaching for acetaminophen?

A

do not exceed recommended dosage, inform HCP in fever or rash develops

52
Q

is Ibuprofen a NSAID

A

YES

53
Q

what is the action of Ibuprofen?

A

blocks prostaglandin synthesis; inhibits inflammatory cells

54
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Ibuprofen?

A

Tx of mild to moderate pain, tx of inflammation, antipyretic

55
Q

what are the adverse effects of Ibuprofen?

A

dry mouth, GI bleed, nauseam epigastric pain, constipation, nephrotoxicity, dyspnea, pharyngitis,

56
Q

what does Ibuprofen have a BBW for?

A

increase risk of CV thrombotic event

57
Q

what are the contraindications for Ibuprofen?

A

allergy to NSAID’s, and salicylates

58
Q

what is the nursing actions for Ibuprofen?

A

assess pain, monitor BUN and CR levels, monitor fot bleeding

59
Q

what is the patient teaching for Ibuprofen?

A

take w/ food, drink plenty of water, report any signs of bleeding

60
Q

what drug class is Meloxicam in?

A

oxicam derivatives (NSAID)

61
Q

what is the action of Meloxicam?

A

cox1 and cox2 inhibitor

62
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Meloxicam?

A

anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, longer lasting and stronger that Ibuprofen.

63
Q

what are the adverse effects of Meloxicam?

A

dyspnea, bronchospasm (not good for asthmatic patients), bleeding, anemia

64
Q

what is Meloxicam BBW for?

A

Cv events and GI bleeds

65
Q

what is the contraindications for Meloxicam?

A

asthmatic patients, those who have aspirin allergy

66
Q

what are the nursing actions for Meloxicam?

A

salicylates can increase effects of Meloxicam

67
Q

what is the patient teachings for Meloxicam?

A

take w/ food, s/sx of bleeding

68
Q

what drug class is Celebrex in?

A

COX 2 inhibitor

69
Q

what is the action of Celebrex?

A

inhibits COX 2 enzyme

70
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Celebrex?

A

selectively blocks pain and inflammation, RA, osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, long-term reducation of colon polyps; medication bypasses stomach

71
Q

what are the adverse effects of Celebrex?

A

HA, dizziness, insomnia, MI, renal impairment

72
Q

what are the contraindications of Celebrex?

A

known allergies to sulfa, NSAID’s, and ASA

73
Q

what are the nursing actions for Celebrex?

A

assess for anaphylactic reaction, assess for chest pain, SOB, confusion

74
Q

what is the patient teaching for Celebrex?

A

S/sx of MI and anaphylactic reaction

75
Q

what is the action of Prednisone?

A

powerful anti-inflammatory; suppresses immune response

76
Q

what is the therapeutic effect of Prednisone?

A

allergies, asthma, cancer, COPD, adrenocortical insufficiency

77
Q

what are the adverse effects of Prednisone?

A

adrenocortical insufficiency, hypotension, heart failure, hyperglycemia, increased risk of osteoarthritis, decreased immunity

78
Q

what are the contraindication of Prednisone?

A

systematic fungal infection, immune suppressant

79
Q

what are the nursing actions for Prednisone?

A

must tamper usage; increase dose at times of stress

80
Q

what is the patient teaching for Predisone?

A

do not stop abruptly, avoid exposure to infections. report any signs of infection, increase dosage in times of stress.

Pharmacology Final Exam (5 decks)

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