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Pharmacology Final Exam > Part 2 (antibiotics, antihypertensives, heart medication) > Flashcards

Part 2 (antibiotics, antihypertensives, heart medication) Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is the action of Ampicillin?

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall; broad spectrum

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2
Q

What is the therapeutic use for Ampicillin?

A

prophylaxis for endocarditis, UTI, URI, soft tissue

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3
Q

what are the adverse effects of Ampicillin?

A

Hepatotoxicity, abdominal pain, N/V/D, nephropathy, CNS toxicity in high amounts. Bleeding

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4
Q

what are the contraindications for Ampicillin?

A

allergy to penicillin or other beta-lactam drugs

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5
Q

what are the nursing actions for Ampicillin?

A

monitor platelet count.

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6
Q

what is the patient teaching for Ampicillin?

A

complete full drug treatment, take on empty stomach w/ full glass of water; report severe diarrhea, oral contraceptives do not work

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7
Q

What drug class is Cefazolin in?

A

Cephalosporins

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8
Q

what is the action of Cefazolin?

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis; broad spectrum

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9
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Cefazolin?

A

surgical prophylaxis, tx of raspatory tract, soft tissue, and urinary tract infections; MRSA, VRSA, VISA

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10
Q

what are the adverse effects of Cefazolin?

A

abdominal pain, N/V/D

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11
Q

what are the contraindications for Cefazolin?

A

allergy to penicillin, anticoagulants= may bleed more

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12
Q

what is the patient teaching for Cefazolin?

A

Take w/ food or milk; no not take with antacids; complete full course of treatment, report diarrhea, oral contraceptives do not work

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13
Q

what drug class is Ciprofloxacin in?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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14
Q

what is the action of Ciprofloxacin?

A

interferes with bacteria DNA synthesis; bactericidal

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15
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Ciprofloxacin?

A

GI, Respiratory, skin, and bone/joint infections

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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of Ciprofloxacin?

A

dizziness, HA, photosensitivity, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS and cardiac effects

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17
Q

what is Ciprofloxacin BBW for?

A

tendon rupture and tendonitis, neuropathy

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18
Q

what are the nursing actions for Ciprofloxacin?

A

requires dose down for renal impairment, monitor BUN and CR

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19
Q

what is the patient teaching for Ciprofloxacin?

A

avoid sunlight, avoid driving, take at regular intervals, drink 2-3q of water, no antacids

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20
Q

what drug class is Bactrim in?

A

Sulfonamides

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21
Q

what is the action of Bactrim?

A

prevents new bacteria by disrupting metabolic pathways, does not kill mature bacteria.

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22
Q

What is the therapeutic use for Bactrim?

A

skin and respiratory infections, MRSA

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23
Q

what are the adverse effects of Bactrim?

A

abdominal pain, N/V/D, pancreatitis, anemia, photosensitivity, renal failure, hyperkalemia

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24
Q

what are the contraindications of Bactrim?

A

sulfa allergy

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25
what is the patient teaching for Bactrim?
take w/ 8 oz of water and on an empty stomach, avoid prolong sun exposure.
26
what drug class is Erythromycin in?
Macrolides (ending in -mycin)
27
what is the action of Erythromycin?
inhibits microbial synthesis; leading to all death
28
what are the therapeutic uses of Erythromycin?
GI, respiratory, and urinary infections
29
what are the adverse effects of Erythromycin?
N/V/D, anorexia, hepatotoxicity, ventricular dysthymias (prolong QT waves), photosensitivity, hearing loss
30
what is Erythromycin's BBW for?
cation in those w/ liver disease
31
what are the contraindications for Erythromycin?
hepatic insufficiency, breast feeding
32
what are the nursing actions for Erythromycin?
interactions-grapefruit, St. john's wort, monitor ALT, AST; monitor ECG and report changes
33
what is the patient teaching for Erythromycin?
take around the clock, take on empty stomach w/ 8ox of water, decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptive
34
what drug class is Captopril in?
ACE inhibitors (ending in -pril)
35
what is the action of Captopril
inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II ; vasodilatord
36
what is the therapeutic use of Captopril?
HTN, CHF
37
what are the adverse effects of Captopril?
cough (angioedema), hyperkalemia w/ DM, renal impairment, orthostatic hypotension
38
what are the contraindications for Captopril?
pregnancy, previous angioedema
39
what is the nursing actions for Captopril?
monitor potassium levels
40
what is the patient teaching for Captopril?
do not use No-salt supplements, take on empty stomach, do not stop antihypertensive drugs abruptly, slow position changes.
41
what drug class is Losartan in?
ARB (ending in -tan)
42
what is the action of Losartan?
blocks angiotensin II receptors
43
what is the therapeutic use for Losartan?
HTN, CHF, protects kidneys in DM and kidney disease
44
what are the adverse effects for Losartan?
muscle cramps, weakness, heartburn, Diarrhea, slight neuropathy, angioedema (rare) , hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypertension
45
what is Losartan BBW for?
injury or death to developing fetus
46
what are the contraindications of Losartan?
pregnancy
47
what are the nursing actions for Losartan?
assess kidneys and renal function, serum electrolyte levels (potassium) interaction- grapefruit; slow position changes
48
what is the patient teaching for Losartan?
lifestyle change no smoking, no alcohol, no salt supplements
49
what drug class is Amlodipine in?
Calcium Channel Blockers
50
what is the action of Amlodipine?
inhibits Ca influx in cardiac cells= vasodilation and relaxation
51
what is the therapeutic use of Amlodipine?
HTN, CAD
52
What are the adverse effects of Amlodipine?
peripheral edema, HA, drowsiness, palpitations, abdominal pain, nausea, orthostatic hypotension
53
what is the nursing actions for Amlodipine?
monitor BP and for chest pain, interactions= grapefruit and St. john's wort
54
what is the patient teaching for Amlodipine?
lifestyle change, no smoking, no alcohol, no salt supplements; slow position changes
55
what drug class is Atenolol in?
Beta blockers (ending in -lol)
56
what is the action of Atenolol?
acts on beta cells in the heart
57
what is the therapeutic use for Atenolol?
TN, Ischemic heart disease, HF
58
what are the adverse effects of Atenolol?
bradycardia, decreased myocardial contractility, decreases cardiac output, orthostatic hypotension,
59
what is the BBW for Atenolol for?
abrupt stop can cause Angia, ventricular dysrhythmias, and MI
60
what are the nursing actions for Atenolol?
assess apical heart rate before administration;
61
what is the patient teaching for Atenolol?
do not stop drug abruptly, no smoking, no alcohol, no salt supplements; slow position changes
62
what drug class is Digoxin in?
Cardiac glycoside
63
what is the action of Digoxin?
improves contractility and pumping ability of the heart; slows rate of ventricular contraction (Digoxin DIGS for a deeper contraction) Lowers HR
64
what is the therapeutic use of Digoxin?
management if mild to moderate heart failure in adults and children.
65
What are the adverse effects of Digoxin?
Digoxin toxicity (dysrhythmia, N/V, anorexia, yellow-greenish visual halos, abd discomfort, blurred vision and dizziness).
66
What is the nursing actions for Digoxin?
assess apical pulse for one minute before administration.
67
what is the patient teaching for Digoxin?
never miss a dose, take with food or after a meal
68
what drug class is Norepinephrine in?
Adrenergic Agonist
69
what is the action of Norepinephrine?
alpha receptor agonist; results in potent peripheral arterial vasoconstriction
70
what is the therapeutic use for Norepinephrine?
Tx of severe hypotension and shock; 1st line drug for septic shock
71
what are the adverse effects for Norepinephrine?
diminished renal prefusion and decreases urine output, irritable cardiac dysrhythmias, increase in myocardia; oxygen requirement, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, severe hypertension, and reflex bradycardia, limb ischemia
72
what is the BBW for Norepinephrine?
Potential risk of tissue damage with extravasation
73
what are the contraindications of Norepinephrine?
cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, narrow-angled glaucoma, and cerebrovascular disease
74
what are the nursing actions for Norepinephrine?
Monitor BP and EKG
75
what is the patient teaching for Norepinephrine?
report fast pulse, palpitations, and chest pain; seek help for signs of shock; ask doctor before taking OTC decongestants, cold remedies, and diet pills

Pharmacology Final Exam (5 decks)

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