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TT284: block 2 - Web Architectures > Part 1 - Architectures > Flashcards

Part 1 - Architectures Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q
A

what does the vendor and client manage in
traditional software deployment

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2
Q

because two pieces of software may have specific roles it is sometimes necessary to implement this between them so that the two original pieces of software do not go beyond their purpose or capabilities

A

describe
middleware

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3
Q

what does the vendor and client manage in
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A
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4
Q

describe how cloud computing extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

A

this extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) by being able to offer servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and more over a network and not being limited to services

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5
Q

these include:
* Applications can be accessed over the web instead of being installed locally
* The service provider handles the entire application and hosting
* Users do not have to be concerned about software upgrades and patches
* the provider can provide scalable web applications using a multi-tiered architecture, implemented on a high-performance infrastructure.

A

give 4 advantages of
Software as a Service (SaaS)

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6
Q

this type of arhitecture would involve the user downloading all content and functionality of the application

A

describe a
Monolithic - single tier architecture

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7
Q
A

what does the vendor and client manage in
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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8
Q

these include:
* Provides some functionality
* Reusable - Is packaged so it can be re used
* Is well defined - has a clear interface and outcome
* **Is self contained **- meaning it is complete and it can work independently, is not tied to any specific product, vendor or technology and so can be used by anyone
* **A black box **- the implementation of the service is hidden (encapsulated) the service consumer does not need to know anything about how it works only the service is offers
* Loose coupling - a failure in one service does not affect another service or the system it is part of, a service can be freely replaced or removed from the application

A

in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 6 points that can summarise a service

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9
Q

**benefit: **how the client is implemented and maintained is no longer your burden

disadvantage: you cannot be sure which client a user is using. the only way to mitigate the uncertainty is to create the rest of your applications architecture using defined and agreed standards

A

with two-tier architecture and above.
who has control over the client tier

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10
Q
A

what does the vendor and client manage in
Software as a Service (SaaS)

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11
Q

what might the middle tier also be referred to as

A

this may also be referred to as the middleware.
when middleware is encountered it is likely that the architecture is multi tiered

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12
Q

these can be created by any 3rd party often called the service provider clients or the service consumer can discover these services via service registrys and use them within their own application

A

regarding Service-oriented architecture (SOA) how are services created and used

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13
Q

system architecture will take into account:
1. hardware components
2. network components
3. software components

whereas software architecture will break down how parts of the software will be broken down into components

A

describe the differences between
system architecture
vs
software architecture

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14
Q

these include:
* Software as a Service (SaaS)
* Platform as a Service (PaaS)
* Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A

what are the 3 main types of
cloud computing models

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15
Q

these include:
* on demand self service
* Broad network access
* Resource pooling
* Rapid elasticity
* Measured service

A

what are the 5 characteristics that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) use to define cloud computing

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16
Q

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Broad network access

A

The capabilities of the cloud can be accessed and used through a standard mechanism that is compatible with various devices such as mobile phones, tablets, workstations

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17
Q

describe the differences between
system architecture
vs
software architecture

A

system architecture will take into account:
1. hardware components
2. network components
3. software components

whereas software architecture will break down how parts of the software will be broken down into components

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18
Q

in 3 points define
architecture
in terms of the web

A
  1. high level view - this is a high level view of web applications and web services and displays the highest level components
  2. foundation - it is the foundation upon which an application or service will be built upon, meaning cahnges to this are hard later in the development
  3. the systems overal behaviour and interactionsby creating and viweing this we can understand the interaction between components, their behaviour and the overal behaviour of the system
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19
Q

Gives the consumer the ability to develop and deploy applications on top of cloud architecture. The provider may provide the OS, programming languages, libraries, services, and tools.

A

describe
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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20
Q

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Measured service

A

The provider uses an appropriate abstraction for the resource being used to measure how much of that resource has been used by the customer this can be monitored, controlled, audited, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. Billing can occur as a pay as you go or a fixed cost

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21
Q

in the context of an application design process describe
step 1 - architecture

A

this is Deciding on what high level components are needed, and which components communicate with which

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22
Q
  1. high level view - this is a high level view of web applications and web services and displays the highest level components
  2. foundation - it is the foundation upon which an application or service will be built upon, meaning cahnges to this are hard later in the development
  3. the systems overal behaviour and interactionsby creating and viweing this we can understand the interaction between components, their behaviour and the overal behaviour of the system
A

in 3 points define
architecture
in terms of the web

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23
Q

how does the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
**define cloud computing **

A

NIST define this as:
“a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

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24
Q

these include:
* Currency converter
* Check customer credit
* Take customer payments
* Provide weather data
* Provide map data (google maps)

A

in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 5 examples of what a service might be or offer

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25
describe **Platform as a Service (PaaS)**
Gives the consumer the ability to develop and deploy applications on top of cloud architecture. The provider may provide the OS, programming languages, libraries, services, and tools.
26
describe the **thick client ** distribution type
this is a smarter client. It will take potentially the same information that a thin client might get but will be able to tailor the information to a users needs --- for example it may perform calculations or any other manner of further processing on the data from the server
27
within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a **data tier**
this tier would be responsible for the storage of application and user data
28
what 2 other names is a client referred to as
this may be referred to as: * the presentation layer * the presentation tier
29
what 3 steps can application design be broken down into
this can be broken down into: 1. architecture 2. design 3. implementation
30
decsribe **Software as a Service (SaaS)**
This provides the consumer with an application that runs on top of cloud architecture. The application can be accessed from a variety of devices. The client does not manage anything except perhaps user specific configuration
31
this tier would be responsible for the storage of application and user data
within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a **data tier**
32
The capabilities of the cloud can be accessed and used through a standard mechanism that is compatible with various devices such as mobile phones, tablets, workstations
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **Broad network access**
33
what are the 3 main types of **cloud computing models**
these include: * Software as a Service (SaaS) * Platform as a Service (PaaS) * Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
34
these include: * acts as a central point for information and functionality * Many clients can connect to it * Can send/receive information from the client * can hold secure information
give 4 points about a **server**
35
what does the vendor and client manage in **traditional software deployment**
36
give 4 points about a **client**
these include: * A common client is a web browser * provides an interface for the user * Can display information from the server * Can pass information back to the server
37
in the context of an application design process describe **step 2 - design**
Here we make choices about how the application works. This requires loooking at each architecture component and start making choices. Looking at the data tier, this could be choices such as what data we will hold and how it is stored
38
describe a **Multi-tier architecture**
This essentially takes the two-tier architecture one step further by subdividing the client and/or the server into further tiers or components
39
a primary benefit of this is that its components can be easily swapped and changed this though requires that: * Requires good use of standards * Requires specific and limited interactions between the tiers --- if implemented correctly there are many vendors that solve specific tiers, such as: * Different browsers * Different web servers * Different databases * Different middleware
what is an **advantage of multi tier architecture**
40
these include: * A common client is a web browser * provides an interface for the user * Can display information from the server * Can pass information back to the server
give 4 points about a **client**
41
this is a smarter client. It will take potentially the same information that a thin client might get but will be able to tailor the information to a users needs --- for example it may perform calculations or any other manner of further processing on the data from the server
describe the **thick client ** distribution type
42
briefly describe **Service-oriented architecture (SOA)**
this is a distributed architecture solution that breaks an application up into separate components, where each individual component offers a specific function often referred to as a service
43
describe **Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)**
This allows the consumer to select the infrastructure they require such as processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources and then run their own software on top such as an OS or other software. Once the underlying infrastructure has been chosen it is the service provider who manages them
44
this is made up of only two components being the client and the server, the client can request information from the server and display to the user
describe the **two-tier architecture**
45
Resources and capabilities can be provisioned and released in an elastic fashion. This can in some cases be arranged to happen automatically
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **Rapid elasticity**
46
this extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) by being able to offer servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and more over a network and not being limited to services
describe how cloud computing extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
47
This provides the consumer with an application that runs on top of cloud architecture. The application can be accessed from a variety of devices. The client does not manage anything except perhaps user specific configuration
decsribe **Software as a Service (SaaS)**
48
within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a **middle tier**
this tier would be responsible for: * retrieves data from data tier * validates user data before passing it to the data tier * perform any other business logic that the application requires
49
this may also be referred to as the middleware. when middleware is encountered it is likely that the architecture is multi tiered
what might the middle tier also be referred to as
50
in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 6 points that can summarise a service
these include: * Provides some functionality * **Reusable** - Is packaged so it can be re used *** Is well defined** - has a clear interface and outcome * **Is self contained **- meaning it is complete and it can work independently, is not tied to any specific product, vendor or technology and so can be used by anyone * **A black box **- the implementation of the service is hidden (encapsulated) the service consumer does not need to know anything about how it works only the service is offers * **Loose coupling** - a failure in one service does not affect another service or the system it is part of, a service can be freely replaced or removed from the application
51
what does the vendor and client manage in **Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)**
52
This essentially takes the two-tier architecture one step further by subdividing the client and/or the server into further tiers or components
describe a **Multi-tier architecture**
53
Here we start selecting products and languages that will fullfill the architecture and design choices
in the context of an application design process describe **step 3 - implementation**
54
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **Resource pooling**
The provider has large resources which are pooled into a single resource and can be sliced up for the demands of individual users.
55
describe the **two-tier architecture**
this is made up of only two components being the client and the server, the client can request information from the server and display to the user
56
give 4 advantages of **Software as a Service (SaaS)**
these include: * Applications can be accessed over the web instead of being installed locally * The service provider handles the entire application and hosting * Users do not have to be concerned about software upgrades and patches * the provider can provide scalable web applications using a multi-tiered architecture, implemented on a high-performance infrastructure.
57
describe a **Monolithic - single tier architecture**
this type of arhitecture would involve the user downloading all content and functionality of the application
58
this tier will simply handle connections with clients
within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a **server tier**
59
This allows the consumer to select the infrastructure they require such as processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources and then run their own software on top such as an OS or other software. Once the underlying infrastructure has been chosen it is the service provider who manages them
describe **Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)**
60
this can be broken down into: 1. architecture 2. design 3. implementation
what 3 steps can application design be broken down into
61
this tier would be responsible for: * retrieves data from data tier * validates user data before passing it to the data tier * perform any other business logic that the application requires
within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a **middle tier**
62
within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a **server tier**
this tier will simply handle connections with clients
63
what does the vendor and client manage in **Platform as a Service (PaaS)**
64
with two-tier architecture and above. who has control over the client tier
when these types of architectures are used the client tier will nearly always be out of your control this has benefits and disadvantages. --- **benefit: **how the client is implemented and maintained is no longer your burden **disadvantage:** you cannot be sure which client a user is using. the only way to mitigate the uncertainty is to create the rest of your applications architecture using defined and agreed standards
65
this is Deciding on what high level components are needed, and which components communicate with which
in the context of an application design process describe **step 1 - architecture**
66
regarding Service-oriented architecture (SOA) how are services created and used
these can be created by any 3rd party often called the **service provider** clients or the **service consumer** can discover these services via **service registrys** and use them within their own application
67
these include: * thin client * thick client
what are the two distribution types of a client
68
give 3 disadvantages of client-server architectures
because the data is most likely being transmitted over a network this has the disadvantages of: * Potentially slow speeds * unreliable connection * security issues
69
what is an **advantage of multi tier architecture**
a primary benefit of this is that its components can be easily swapped and changed this though requires that: * Requires good use of standards * Requires specific and limited interactions between the tiers --- if implemented correctly there are many vendors that solve specific tiers, such as: * Different browsers * Different web servers * Different databases * Different middleware
70
what are the two distribution types of a client
these include: * thin client * thick client
71
what does the vendor and client manage in **Software as a Service (SaaS)**
72
this may be referred to as: * the presentation layer * the presentation tier
what 2 other names is a client referred to as
73
give 4 benefits of **client-server architectures**
* **dynamic content** - Content can be dynamic and easily changed (vs downloading an entire app with all the data and functionality) * **maintain control** - Allows the application developers to maintain and control the application (vs a single app) * **interchangable client** - the client may change with no problems just as long as it can support the information the server gives to it(ie the client must be using the same standrads you are) * **cost saving** - where 3rd party clients are used
74
describe **middleware**
this is software that acts as a bridge or glue between different types of software such as an operating system or database. --- because two pieces of software may have specific roles it is sometimes necessary to implement this between them so that the two original pieces of software do not go beyond their purpose or capabilities
75
The provider has large resources which are pooled into a single resource and can be sliced up for the demands of individual users.
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **Resource pooling**
76
NIST define this as: "a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."
how does the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) **define cloud computing **
77
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **On demand self service**
The consumer can themselves provision and release resources such as server time and storage without requiring human interaction from the service provider
78
give 4 points about a **server**
these include: * acts as a central point for information and functionality * Many clients can connect to it * Can send/receive information from the client * can hold secure information
79
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **Rapid elasticity**
Resources and capabilities can be provisioned and released in an elastic fashion. This can in some cases be arranged to happen automatically
80
in the context of an application design process describe **step 3 - implementation**
Here we start selecting products and languages that will fullfill the architecture and design choices
81
what are the 5 characteristics that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) use to define cloud computing
these include: * on demand self service * Broad network access * Resource pooling * Rapid elasticity * Measured service
82
describe the **thin client ** distribution type
this is a client that Simply acts as an interface for information. It makes requests to the server and only displays what the server has given it
83
this is a client that Simply acts as an interface for information. It makes requests to the server and only displays what the server has given it
describe the **thin client ** distribution type
84
in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 5 examples of what a service might be or offer
these include: * Currency converter * Check customer credit * Take customer payments * Provide weather data * Provide map data (google maps)
85
because the data is most likely being transmitted over a network this has the disadvantages of: * Potentially slow speeds * unreliable connection * security issues
give 3 disadvantages of client-server architectures
86
* **dynamic content** - Content can be dynamic and easily changed (vs downloading an entire app with all the data and functionality) * **maintain control** - Allows the application developers to maintain and control the application (vs a single app) * **interchangable client** - the client may change with no problems just as long as it can support the information the server gives to it(ie the client must be using the same standrads you are) * **cost saving** - where 3rd party clients are used
give 4 benefits of **client-server architectures**
87
Here we make choices about how the application works. This requires loooking at each architecture component and start making choices. Looking at the data tier, this could be choices such as what data we will hold and how it is stored
in the context of an application design process describe **step 2 - design**
88
The consumer can themselves provision and release resources such as server time and storage without requiring human interaction from the service provider
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **On demand self service**
89
this is a distributed architecture solution that breaks an application up into separate components, where each individual component offers a specific function often referred to as a service
briefly describe **Service-oriented architecture (SOA)**
90
The provider uses an appropriate abstraction for the resource being used to measure how much of that resource has been used by the customer this can be monitored, controlled, audited, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. Billing can occur as a pay as you go or a fixed cost
within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic **Measured service**

TT284: block 2 - Web Architectures (5 decks)

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