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spi review questions > Part 1 - important (notes) > Flashcards

Part 1 - important (notes) Flashcards

1
Q

Infrasound

A

<20 Hz

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2
Q

Audible Sound

A

20 - 20,000 Hz

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3
Q

Ultrasonic

A

> 20,000 to 20 Khz

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4
Q

Diagnostic ultrasound

A

2 to 15 Mhz

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5
Q

Time to complete one cycle
Unchanged by monographer
Sec/usec
Determined by : Source

A

Period

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6
Q

of cycles/ sec (affects ———-penetration & axial res)
Unchanged by monographer
Hertz
Determined by: source

A

Frequency

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7
Q

Rate work is performed
Unchanged by monographer
watts
Determined by Source

A

Power

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8
Q

Concentration of energy in a sound beam
Changed by sonographer
watts/cm^2
Determined by source

A

Intensity

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9
Q

Length/distance of single cycle
mm,cm
Changed by sonographer
Determined by source & Medium

A

wavelength

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10
Q

Rate sound travels in a medium
Unchanged by sonographer
m/sec
determined by : medium

A

prop speed

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11
Q

Amplitude , Power & Intensity are all related how ?

A

Direct

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12
Q

Period & Frequency are related how

A

Inverse

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13
Q

Power & area are related how

A

Inverse

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14
Q

Wavelength & frequency are related how

A

Inverse

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15
Q

Stiffness & Speed are related how

A

Direct

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16
Q

Speed & Density are related how

A

Inverse

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17
Q

Frequency , speed, intensity and power are related how

A

UNRELATED

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18
Q

3 bigness parameters changed by the output power

A

Amplitude
Power
Intensity

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19
Q

Intensity equation

A

Power/Area

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20
Q

Wavelength equation

A

Propagation Speed/Frequency

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21
Q

Soft tissue / wavelength equation

A

1.54 mm / Frequency

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22
Q

Speed equation

A

Frequency x wavelength

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23
Q

The speed in Air is

A

330 m/s

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24
Q

The speed in lung is

A

500 m/s

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25
Q

The speed in fat is

A

1450 m/s

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26
Q

The speed in Soft tissue/ Blood is

A

1540 m/s

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27
Q

The speed in tendon is …

A

1850 m/s

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28
Q

The speed of bone is

A

3500 m/s

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29
Q

Start of a pulse to the end of that pulse
Not changed by soon
Usec
Determined by - source

A

Pulse duration

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30
Q

Start of pulse to start of next pulse (on & off time)
Changed by sono
M/sec
Determined by source

A

PRP

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31
Q

of cycles per second
Changed by sono
1/sec Hz
Determined by source

A

PRF

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32
Q

% or fraction of time system transmits
Changed by sono
No units
Determined by source

A

Duty Factor

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33
Q

length / distance a pulse occupies
Not changed by sono
mm/ cm
Determined by source & Medim

A

SPL

34
Q

These parameters are changed by depth of view ..

A

PRP, PRF, Duty factor

35
Q

PRP and imaging depth are related how

A

Direct

36
Q

PRF & Imaging depth are related how

A

Inverse

37
Q

Duty Factor & imaging depth are related how

A

Inverse

38
Q

PRP & PRF are related how

A

Inverse

39
Q

PRF & duty factor are related how

A

Direct proportional

40
Q
  • Listening time (increase)
  • PRP (increase)
  • PRF (decrease)
  • Duty Factor (decrease)
A

Deep imaging

41
Q
  • Listening time (decreases)
  • PRP (decreases)
  • PRF (increases)
  • Duty factor (increases)
A

Shallow imaging

42
Q

Equation for pulse duration

A

of cycles x period

43
Q

Equation 2 for PD

A

of cycles in a pulse / frequency

44
Q

SPL equation

A

of cycles x wavelength

45
Q

Duty factor equation

A

Pulse duration/ PRP x 100

46
Q

Largest value intensity

A

SPTP

47
Q

Smallest value intensity

A

SATA

48
Q

related to bio effects intensity

A

SPTA

49
Q

beam coefficient uniformity

A

SP/SA

50
Q

largest to smallest order of intensities

A

SPTP > Im > SPPA > SPTA > SATA

51
Q

Which of the following intensities change with maximum imaging depth ?

A

SPTA or SATA

52
Q

Decrease of intensity, power & amplitude as wave travels through body
unrelated to propagation speed

A

Attentuation

53
Q

Longer distance , higher frequency

A

More attenuation

54
Q

Short distance, lower frequency

A

Less attenuation

55
Q

Water has what type of attenuation

A

Extremely low

56
Q

Blood,urine,biologic fluids has what type of attenuation

A

Low

57
Q

Fat have what type of attenuation

A

Low

58
Q

Soft tissue has what type of attenuation

A

Intermediate

59
Q

Muscle has what type of attenuation

A

Higher

60
Q

Bone & lung have what type of attenuation

A

Even higher

61
Q

Air has what type of attenuation

A

Extremely high

62
Q

High frequency sound, and medium with high attenuation

A

Thin half value

63
Q

Low frequency sound, Media with low attenuation

A

Thick half value

64
Q

Depends on these two factors & is directly related to them

  1. Frequency
  2. Distance of a wave (path length)
A

Attenuation in ST

65
Q

What components contribute to attenuation

A
  1. absorption
  2. reflection
  3. scattering
66
Q

Sound energy converts to heat

A

Absorption

67
Q

Strikes a boundary & returns to the transducer

A

Reflection

68
Q

Specular reflection

A

smooth reflector

69
Q

Diffuse/backscatter

A

rough & disorganized , random

70
Q

Boundary of media are irregular & redirected in all directions

A

Scattering

71
Q

uniformly, omni direction, example red blood cell

A

Rayleigh scattering

72
Q

Attenuation coefficient equation

A

Frequency / 2

73
Q

Soft tissue attuen equation

A

0.5 dB / frequency

74
Q

Total attenuation equation

A

Attenuation coefficient x distance

75
Q
  1. Normal incident
  2. Different Impedance

What occurs?

A

Reflection

76
Q
  1. Oblique incidence
  2. Different prop speeds

What occurs?

A

Refraction

77
Q

Transmitted & reflected intensity = ?

A

Incident intensity

78
Q

This law deals w/ refraction

A

Snells law

79
Q

If speed 2 = Speed 1

A

No refraction, transmission angle = incident angle

80
Q

If speed 2 is greater than speed 1

A

Transmission angle greater than incident angle

81
Q

If speed 2 is less than speed 2

A

Transmission angle is less than incident angle

spi review questions (7 decks)

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