Part 1: Pediatric Anesthesia: Overview

Question 1

What is the difference in weight between an adult and pediatric patient?

Answer 1

1/21

Question 2

What is the difference in body surface area of an adult and pediatric patient?

Answer 2

1/9

Question 3

What is the difference in length of an adult and pediatric patient?

Answer 3

1/3.3

Question 4

The head size of a pediatric body is:

Answer 4

• large compared to body
• Large Occiput
• Weak neck muscles
• Short neck
• Small chest
• Protruding belly
• Short arms & legs

Question 5

The _______ is large and floppy in pediatric patient.

Answer 5

epiglottis

Question 6

Level of the larynx in a child is:

Answer 6

C3 - C4

Question 7

Narrowest part of the child’s larynx is the:

Answer 7

Cricoid ring (if < 5 years of age)

Question 8

T/F: There is no jaw lift due to the structure of the pediatric airway.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

The formula to find the right ETT size is:

Answer 9

4 + (age /4)

Question 10

The formula to find the right depth for an ETT tube:

Answer 10

10 + (age/2)

Question 11

What is the correct LMA size of a <20 kg child?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

What is the correct LMA size of a 20-30 kg child?

Answer 12

2.5

Question 13

What is the correct LMA of a >30 kg child?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

The ETT size for a <1kg?

Answer 14

2.5

Question 15

The ETT size for a >1 kg?

Answer 15

3.

Question 16

The ETT size of a newborn?

Answer 16

3.5

Question 17

The ETT size of a 10 kg infant?

Answer 17

4.

Question 18

The ETT depth of a 1 kg infant?

Answer 18

7cm

Question 19

The ETT depth of a 2 kg infant?

Answer 19

8 cm

Question 20

The ETT depth of a 3 kg infant?

Answer 20

9

Question 21

The ETT depth of a 4 kg infant?

Answer 21

10

Question 22

Respiratory muscles in the diaphragm are listed in two categories. What are they?

Answer 22

-Type 1 (endurance) 15%

Type 2 (Fatigue) 85

Question 23

How much faster is the respiratory rate of a child?

Answer 23

3 times faster

Question 24

How long until fetal hemoglobin is gone after birth?

Answer 24

6 months

Question 25

T/F: The incidence of laryngospasms for pediatric patient is decreased in surgery.

Answer 25

FALSE

Question 26

The heart rate for a 0-24 hour old neonate?

Answer 26

145

Question 27

The heart rate for a 1-11 month old?

Answer 27

130

Question 28

The heart rate for a 1-3 YEAR old?

Answer 28

110

Question 29

The heart rate for a 4-8 year old?

Answer 29

100

Question 30

The heart rate for a 8-12 year old?

Answer 30

90

Question 31

T/F: Heart rate is high to increase cardiac output to compensate for the incease in O2 consumption in a child.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

The blood pressure for a preterm?

Answer 32

50/30

Question 33

The blood pressure for a term?

Answer 33

65/40

Question 34

The blood pressure for a 6 month old?

Answer 34

90/60

Question 35

The blood pressure for a 12 month old?

Answer 35

95/65

Question 36

The blood pressure for a 2 year old?

Answer 36

100/65

Question 37

The blood pressure for a 5 year old?

Answer 37

95/55

Question 38

The blood pressure for a 12 year old?

Answer 38

110/60

Question 39

The blood pressure for a 23 year old?

Answer 39

120/80

Question 40

About what age does a pediatric patient B/P begin to look like an adults?

Answer 40

1-2 years of age

Question 41

What is the fetal cardiac muscle contractile mass?

Answer 41

30 %

Question 42

What is the adults cardiac muscle contractile mass?

Answer 42

60%

Question 43

T/F: Newborns and infants shiver to warm there core body temperature up.

Answer 43

FALSE

Question 44

What is brown fat?

Answer 44

- Doubles infants metabolic rate (Heat production) | - Gone by age 2

Question 45

Which is stronger at conserving heat peripheral or central vasoconstriction?

Answer 45

central

Question 46

What is the maximum amount of heat conservation that can happen for vasoconstriction?

Answer 46

25-50%

Question 47

By increasing the room temperature by 1 degree celcius decreases heat loss by __%.

Answer 47

7

Question 48

T/F: Enzyme maturation is directly related to postnatal age; NOT gestational age.

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

How long until the liver is functional after birth and then maturity?

Answer 49

= 1-2 weeks functional | = 2 years for mature

Question 50

How long until the kidney reaches maturity?

Answer 50

= Cannot concetrate urine until the 5th day =1 month = 70% mature =2 years for mature clearance (Most by 3 months)

Question 51

T/F: Adults are more at risk from being dehydrated than children.

Answer 51

FALSE

Question 52

What is the ~ I/O of a child with 1400 cc ECF?

Answer 52

700 cc (50 % EFC)

Question 53

The K+ in an infant is ______ and in an adult it is ____.

Answer 53

5 - 6.5 (Infant) | 2.5 - 4.5 (Adult)

Question 54

What should the urine output be of a pediatric patient?

Answer 54

1-2 cc/kg/hour

Question 55

Why would giving a neonate HCO3 be a problem?

Answer 55

High osmolality ~ 2000

Question 56

A neonate or small child sick would probably be acidotic or alkolotic?

Answer 56

Acidotic

Question 57

Metabolic alkalosis if seen in pediatric patient with ____________.

Answer 57

Pyloric stenosis

Question 58

When HCO3 loss via kidney is initially with ___ and __. (Metabolic alkalosis)

Answer 58

- Na | - K

Question 59

Urine becomes _______ in the face of metabolic alkalosis.

Answer 59

acidotic

Question 60

What is the I/O goals of a infant prior to surgery?

Answer 60

- 2 hours ... oral liquid - 4 hours ... breast milk - 6 hours ... solid food - 8 hours ... big fatty meals