part 1 study

Question 1

What is the basic unit of DNA?

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

True or False: RNA is double-stranded.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called _____.

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Answer 4

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 5

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 5

To carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 6

Which base pairs with Adenine in RNA?

Answer 6

Uracil

Question 7

True or False: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the process called where RNA is translated into a protein?

Answer 8

Translation

Question 9

What kind of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 9

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of _____ in proteins.

Answer 10

Amino acids

Question 11

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Answer 11

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template.

Question 12

Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 13

True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is a codon?

Answer 14

A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

Question 15

What are introns?

Answer 15

Non-coding segments of RNA that are removed during RNA processing.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The central dogma of molecular biology is DNA → _____ → Protein.

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Answer 17

To make up the structure of ribosomes and aid in protein synthesis.

Question 18

What is the function of a promoter in transcription?

Answer 18

To signal the start of transcription.

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Answer 19

Helicase

Question 20

True or False: All mutations are harmful.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is a mutation?

Answer 21

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Question 22

What is the purpose of a stop codon?

Answer 22

To signal the end of protein synthesis.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The three main types of RNA are mRNA, tRNA, and _____.

Answer 23

rRNA

Question 24

What is the role of a spliceosome?

Answer 24

To remove introns from pre-mRNA.

Question 25

What process involves the modification of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Answer 25

RNA splicing

Question 26

True or False: DNA can leave the nucleus.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Which base pairs with Cytosine in DNA?

Answer 27

Guanine

Question 28

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 28

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides called _____.

Answer 29

Codons

Question 30

What is the start codon for protein synthesis?

Answer 30

AUG (Methionine)

Question 31

What is the function of transcription factors?

Answer 31

To help regulate the expression of genes.

Question 32

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is the name of the process that creates a complementary strand of DNA?

Answer 33

Replication

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The main purpose of protein synthesis is to produce _____.

Answer 34

Proteins

Question 35

What is the term for a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein?

Answer 35

Gene

Question 36

What are exons?

Answer 36

Coding segments of RNA that are expressed.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The enzyme that adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand is called _____.

Answer 37

DNA polymerase

Question 38

What is the function of the 5' cap in mRNA?

Answer 38

To protect mRNA from degradation and assist in ribosome binding.