part 2 Flashcards
described the emerging societies as societies of survival and primarily based on the concept of natural law. Members of each society must learn to adapt to their surroundings to outlast the prevailing conditions present in their environment.
herbert spencer
had a different take on society. He postulated that societies develop through class conflicts. There is always s struggle between the workers and the capitalist due to the exploitation of the latter to the former which is essential in provoking social change. The only way to end this conflict is through social revolution.
karl marx
said that society is composed of harmonious elements such as individuals, organizations, and social institutions. These elements must perform their role in the society for function effectively. Dysfunction may occur if these elements are not in the state of equilibrium.
Emile Durkheim
and other scholars who conceptualized the concept of symbolic interactionism take a different point of view on society. According to this, society can be seen in a micro-level that focuses on the relationships of individuals within a society primarily centers in their communication both language and symbols.
george herbert mead
who coined the term symbolic interactionism studied how humans interact to the meanings ascribed into a specific object under circumstances.
herbert blumer
on the other hand used dramaturgical analysis. In this approach, he used theater as an analogy for social interaction and recognized that people like actors and actresses, play their role and function according to it.
erving goffman
said that society and individuals are not separated but are simply collective and distributive aspects of the same thing. He theorized the concept of the looking glass self. According to this, self-relation, or how one views oneself is not an isolated event but rather includes others. It emphasized how we changed our identity or personality based on how others see us.
charles horton cooley
stated that society is a group of individuals bonded by specific relation or manner of behavior which tend to differ them from individuals who have a different set of patterned behavior. Also, Franklin Giddings (1922) mentioned that society is a unified itself, the organization, and the totality of formal relations in which interacting humans are guaranteed together.
morris ginsberg
they are norms that has a firm control to moral and ethical relationships
behavior.
mores
they are ordinance of reason enacted to protect the laws promulgated by people from the bad effects of the outdated mores
laws
they are behaviors of less importance yet still influence our behavior.
folkways or customs
These are anything that carry a meaning recognized by people who share a culture.
symbols
These are culturally defined standards by Filipino which people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
values
These are specific statements that people hold to be true.
beliefs
form of communication using words either spoken or gestured with hands
language
These are norms that are crucial to a society’s moral center, involving behaviors
that are always negatively sanctioned
taboos
