Part 2

Question 1

B cells received their name because they were originally found to mature in birds in an organ called

Answer 1

Bursa of Fabricius

Question 2

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 2

Bone marrow and thymus

Question 3

Site where progenitor cells will differentiate into T cells and B cells

Answer 3

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 4

main source of hematopoetic stem cells

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

T cells in thymus

Answer 5

thymocytes

Question 6

Precursor cell migrates here and undergo maturation

Answer 6

Cortex

Question 7

recognize antigen present on the surface of antigen presenting cells or infected cells

Answer 7

T cell receptor:

Question 8

largest lymphoid organ that filters blood

Answer 8

spleen

Question 9

characterized as a large discriminating filter as it removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood

Answer 9

spleen

Question 10

type of splenic tissue that functions to destroy old rbcs and makes up more than 1/2 of the total volume

Answer 10

Red pulp

Question 11

type of splenic tissue that comprises 20% of the total weight of spleen and contains the lymphoid tissue

Answer 11

white pulp

Question 12

this sheath contains mainly of T cells

Answer 12

PALS (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath)

Question 13

attached to the PALS and contains unstimulated B cells

Answer 13

Primary Follicles

Question 14

surrounds the PALS and contains dendritic cells that trap antigens

Answer 14

Marginal zone

Question 15

Small, encapsulated structures

Answer 15

Lymph nodes

Question 16

Antigens and cells present in the lymph enter the lymph nodes via ______________,
percolate through the ________, and exit via the ____________.

Answer 16

afferent lymphatics
node
efferent lymphatics

Question 17

In the absence of antigenic stimulation, lymphoid follicles are referred to as

Answer 17

primary follicles.

Question 18

site where B
cells undergo differentiation processes required for effective immune responses

Answer 18

germinal centers

Question 19

Follicles with germinal centers are referred to as

Answer 19

secondary follicles

Question 20

region between follicles and medulla where T lymphocytes are mainly localized

Answer 20

Paracortex

Question 21

consist of diffusely distributed lymphoid cells and follicles that underlie all regions
coated with mucosa.

Answer 21

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 22

a specilized type of MALT located at the lower ileum (small intestine)

Answer 22

Peyer’s patches

Question 23

T cell antigens include:

Answer 23

CD2 CD3 CD4 CD8

Question 24

antigens include CD19 CD20 CD21 surface antibody

Answer 24

B cells

Question 25

NK cells antigens

Answer 25

CD16 and CD56

Question 26

Lies below the skin

Answer 26

Cutaneous immune system

Question 27

Macrophage in the blood

Answer 27

Monocyte

Question 28

Macrophage of the CNS

Answer 28

Microglial Cell

Question 29

Macrophage of the kidney

Answer 29

Mesangial Cell

Question 30

Macrophage of the liver

Answer 30

Kupffer Cell

Question 31

Macrophage of the lungs

Answer 31

Alveolar Macrophage

Question 32

Engulf and degrade antigens

Answer 32

Phagocytes:

Question 33

immature precursor of the macrophage arises from bone marrow cells and is released into circulation.

Answer 33

Monocyte

Question 34

leave the circulation and enter tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages

Answer 34

Monocytes

Question 35

Synthesis of biologically active molecules(cytokines) which can affect inflammation as well as elimination of antigen

Answer 35

Macrophage

Question 36

Enhance or down regulate immune responses by acting in an autocrine (same cell) or a paracrine (other cells) fashion.

Answer 36

Cytokines

Question 37

short-lived circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes whose main role in host defense is phagocytosis

Answer 37

Neutrophils

Question 38

the fusion of cytosolic lysosomes with the phagosome results from the formation of a chimeric vacuole called

Answer 38

phagolysosome

Question 39

toxic to organisms and constitutes the third mechanism by which antigens are destroyed within the macrophage

Answer 39

Nitric oxide

Question 40

Endocytose antigens, degrade, and display antigen fragments on the cell surface

Answer 40

Antigen presenting cells

Question 41

Most potent phagocytic cells; most effective APC

Answer 41

dendritic cell

Question 42

Circulation and secondary lymphoid tissues; Host defense against viral infections and some tumors

Answer 42

(NK-cells)

Question 43

Can target and destroy some cells in the absence of IgG

Answer 43

(NK-cells)

Question 44

a molecule that inserts into the infected cell

Answer 44

perforin

Question 45

mode of NK- cell killing wherein antibody is required to initiate the process

Answer 45

antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 46

Usually seen in hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 46

Basophils & Mast cells

Question 47

play a major role in immune responses following the activation of complement

Answer 47

Mast cells

Question 48

facilitates the recruitment of cells from the circulation into the infected tissue

Answer 48

Histamine

Question 49

exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 49

anaphylaxis

Question 50

serves as a link between the cell and the antigen.

Answer 50

opsonin

Question 51

More recent evolve mechanism that allows the body to recognize, remember, and response to specific stimulus

Answer 51

adaptive immunity

Question 52

type of resistance that is characterized by specificity and memory

Answer 52

Acquired immunity

Question 53

secrete antibodies instead of expressing them on the cell surface

Answer 53

Plasma cells

Question 54

Secrete soluble proteins or humoral factors known as cytokines (helper cytokines)

Answer 54

Helper T cells

Question 55

Foreign substances that trigger the activation of the immune system

Answer 55

ANTIGENS

Question 56

This process refers to the antibodies that are secreted by differentiated B cells which are the plasma cells

Answer 56

B cells

Question 57

Required for a virtually all aspect of adaptive immune response; They will kill virally infected host cells

Answer 57

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 58

refers to those proteins that are secreted by the cell of adaptive immune system

Answer 58

Humoral adaptive immunity

Question 59

term 'antigen' has been proposed to be replaced by the term _______

Answer 59

immunogen

Question 60

refer to the effectiveness of molecules to activate cells of adaptive immunity

Answer 60

Antigenicity or immunogenicity

Question 61

specific regions of the antigen that B cells and T cells receptors could only recognize

Answer 61

antigenic determinants or epitopes

Question 62

Three categories for a highly immunogenic substance

Answer 62

1. degree of foreignness 2. chemically complexity 3. high molecular weight

Question 63

Molecules that are synthesized in the laboratory that may also function as antigens

Answer 63

synthetic antigens or recombinant proteins

Question 64

highly or most immunogenic antigen

Answer 64

Proteins

Question 65

refers to the heterogeneity in building blocks that comprise the antigen.

Answer 65

Chemical complexity

Question 66

weakly immunogenic even though they are of high molecular weight and foreign.

Answer 66

Polysaccharides

Question 67

Small molecules that are not immunogenic can become immunogenic when coupled to a high molecular weight protein.

Answer 67

haptens

Question 68

complex macromolecules whose building blocks are amino acids

Answer 68

Proteins

Question 69

proteins have many antigenic determinants and so are called

Answer 69

multideterminant proteins

Question 70

Macromolecules whose building blocks repeating monosaccharide units

Answer 70

Polysaccharides

Question 71

True or False: Polysaccharides of ABO antigen blood groups expressed on red blood cell surfaces are immunogenic

Answer 71

True

Question 72

are not usually immunogenic unless they are coupled to a protein or in cases of SLE

Answer 72

Nucleic Acids

Question 73

is a method of generating protection against infectious disease by administering an antigen

Answer 73

Immunization

Question 74

substances that enhance the immune response to an antigen

Answer 74

Adjuvant

Question 75

a suspension of aluminum hydroxide mixed with antigen, is used as an adjuvant in human vaccines

Answer 75

Alum precipitate

Question 76

a long hydrocarbon molecule present in human sebaceous gland secretions and in shark liver oil

Answer 76

Squaline

Question 77

component of MF-59,

Answer 77

Squaline

Question 78

an effective adjuvant used in human vaccines

Answer 78

MF-59

Question 79

Water in oil emulsion and killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used to enhanced immunogenicity

Answer 79

Freud's complete adjuvant