Part 2

Question 1

Phosphorylation

Answer 1

Occurs by hydrolysis of a phosphate ion from ATP and attaching it to a molecule

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

Control cellular processes by feedback mechanisms

Question 3

G-Protein Pathways

Answer 3

Most common pathway

Question 4

G-Protein Linked Receptor

Answer 4

Serves as the attachment point for the ligand, found in the plasma membrane
Changes shape upon attachment of the proper ligand
ALL cells possess G protein receptors

Question 5

G-Protein

Answer 5

Acts as a relay protein carrying the message
Phosphorylation is possible due to the shape change that occurred with the receptor protein. This will turn ON the G-Protein
The activated protein travels to the appropriate location
The GTPase turns on or off the necessary process in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Question 6

Tyrosine-Kinase Pathway

Answer 6

Involved heavily with growth/emergency repair
Acts like a catalyst for activating 6 proteins at a time
Structure=Function

Question 7

Ion Channel Receptors (Ligand-gated Ion Channels)

Answer 7

Acts as a control of a particular signal. The gate is opened by the attaching of the neurotransmitter to the receptor protein. Once the gate is opened now the charged sodium ions can enter the cell start to depolarize the cell.

Question 8

Intracellular Receptors

Answer 8

Mostly for receiving hormones and steroids.

Question 9

Secondary Messengers

Answer 9

Relay molecules within the cell’s cytoplasm
Ion based
cAMP, Calmodulin, and IP3 are all secondary messengers
MAIN PURPOSE-amplify the signal