Part 3

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Control cell processes

Question 2

Phosphorylation

Answer 2

The binding of a phosphate to a molecule with the intent of making it work

Question 3

Cellular Response

Answer 3

The end product of the pathway is about the regulation of some cell processes
The responses are usually protein synthesis or product synthesis

Question 4

Protein Kinase Cascades

Answer 4

Kinases turn ON processes by phosphorylating the molecule
The objective is to amplify the signal
Keeps cells from making excess ligand signals
Each step in the cascade can amplify a signal, but it can also control the reaction rate of the process

Question 5

Protein Phosphotase Cascades

Answer 5

Turn OFF processes by removing a phosphate ion from the molecule

Question 6

Amplification of the Signal

Answer 6

Only need small amount of the ligand to convey the message

The cascades amplify the signal at each step

Question 7

Structure=Function

Answer 7

Different kinds of cells have different kinds and numbers of protein receptors.
Each controls a different process

Question 8

Scaffolding Proteins

Answer 8

Allows for direct contact stimulation of multiple relay proteins at one time