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analysis and design > part 2 analysis lec 5 > Flashcards

part 2 analysis lec 5 Flashcards

1
Q

why the analysis phasa named this

A

because the analysis phase

breaking the whole into parts

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2
Q

critical thinking skillls

A

is the ability to recognize strengths and weaknesses and recast an idea in an improved form

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3
Q

the finial deliverable of the analysis phase

A

is the system proposal

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4
Q

what is the system proposal

A

is pressnted to the approval committee

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5
Q

whats is requirments

A

a statment of what the system must do or what characterterstics it needs to have

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6
Q

businees reqerments include

A

increase market share
shorten order processing time
reduce customer service costs
lower inventory spoilage

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7
Q

IIBA

A

lnternational instiute of businees analysis

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8
Q

define function requirements

A

the product capalities or things that a product must do for its users

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9
Q

interviews

A

the most commonly used

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10
Q

there three types of interview quastaions

A

closed ended quastions
open ended quastions
probing Questions

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11
Q

open ended questions

A

are those that leave room for elaboration on the part of interviewee

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12
Q

jad

A

join Application development
is information gathering techniqe that allow the project team users and management to work together to identify the requirements for the system

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13
Q

quastionnaire

A

is a set of written quastions for obtaining information from individuals

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14
Q

what is the types of the requirments

A

Business requirements
User requirements
System requirements

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15
Q

Business requirements

A

o what the business needs (recall Ch 1; system request)

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16
Q

define the user requirments

A

o what the users need to do

17
Q

What is a System Requirement?

A

QA statement of what the system must do
o “functional requirement”;

or

QA statement of characteristics the system
must have (how the system should be b
18
Q

Functional Requirements

A

Q Specify the support the system will provide
to the user in fulfilling his/her work tasks.

1 Two types:
o A process the system should perform as a part of
supporting a user task, or
© Information the system should provide as the user
performs a task

19
Q

Nonfunctional Requirements

A

Q Behavioral properties the system must have
© Operational — physical and technical operating environment
o Performance — speed, capacity, and reliability needs
o Security —the authority
© Cultural and political — legal requirements, cultural norms

Q Nonfunctional requirements are discussed more in

Chapter 8 (Architecture Design)
o But it is good to collect them early when possible
20
Q

O Requirements definition document

A

© Text document listing requirements in outline form

21
Q

(proposal)

A

Business requirements ave in the system request

22
Q

define interviews and what is the most carsterictis

A

Most important and wost used fact-finding technique

QQ The systems analysts collects information from individuals
face to face

23
Q

Who should be interviewed?

A

Managers in early project stages to get broad understanding

o Staff can provide details and specifics later.

o Political issues are important — may be necessary to interview
influential people, even if they are not too knowledgeable

24
Q

Interview Structure

A

© Top-Down (broad to specific; most common)
o Bottom-up (specific to broad; useful for collecting
details)

25
Q

Question Type

A

Open-ended — broad concepts; opinions
o Closed-ended — learn or confirm facts and details
o Probing — resolve confusion; follow-up

26
Q

Interviewing — Practical Tips

A

Cl Prepare, prepare, prepare!

Q Don’t waste the interviewee’s time

Q Take notes during and after the interview

Q Dow’t be afraid to ask for clarification

Q Be aware of non-verbal cues (body language)

O Send interview summary as soon as possible.
Request confirmation and corrections

27
Q

Interview as a Requirements Elicitation

Technique STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

A

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

° Interviewee can respond freely ° Very time-consuming, and
and openly to questions. therefore costly, fact-finding
° Interviewee can be asked for approach.

more feedback. ° Success is highly dependent

° Questions can be adapted or on the systems analyst’s
reworded for each individual. human relations skills.

» Interviewee’s nonverbal ° May be impractical due to
communication can be

peace the location of interviewees.

28
Q

Questionnaires

A

Special-purpose documents that allow the analyst
to collect information and opinions from

respondents.
o Mass produced and distributed.
o Respondents complete the questionnaire on their own time.

Q Facts are collected from a large number of people

while maintaining uniform responses.
o When dealing with a large audience, no other fact-findi

29
Q

Questionnaires, con’t.

A

Q Fixed -format questions
© Similar to a multiple choice exam question
o Must be able to anticipate potential answers to questions
© Easy to tabulate results

QO Free-format questions
o Like an essay question — open-ended
o Response is unpredictable
o Harder to tabulat

30
Q

Questionnaires — Practical Tips

A

Q To Develop a (Good) Questionnaire
o Determine what facts and opinions must be collected and
from whom you should get them

© Based on the needed facts and opinions, determine
whether free- or fixed-format questions will produce the
best answers. A mix of types may be ideal.

© Pretest the questions on a small sample of “typical”
respondents — not just other systems analysts

o Understand that response rates are often low.

31
Q

Questionnaires as a Requirements
Elicitation Technique

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

A

° Most can be answered ° Response is often low. How to
quickly (if properly designed). motivate participation?

° Relatively inexpensive. > Tend to be inflexible.

° Allow individuals to maintain ° Body language cannot be observed.
anonymity. Cannot clarify a vague or

32
Q
  1. JAD — Joint Application Development
A

An extensive, structured group process
Q GOAL: produce complete requirements definition document

Q Directly involves project sponsor, key managers, and key
users with systems analysts

O Requires a trained facilitator and a comfortable facility for
long-term, intensive group work

Expensive but valuable

33
Q

why it is important Electronic JAD — e-JAD

A

Q e-JAD helps group overcome group dynamic issues —

dominance, status differences, fear of reprisal

34
Q

JAD as a Requirements Elicitation

Technique

A

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
° Understand wultiple ° Facilitator required
perspectives at once. ° Can take valuable time from
° Have user feedback while other work
documentation is being ° Coordination required and

made group issues arise

35
Q
  1. Observation
A

O Participate in or watch a person perform
activities to learn about the system

Q Use when the validity of data collected using
other methods is in question.

Q Use when the complexity of certain aspects of
the system prevents end-users from providing a
clear explanation

36
Q

Observation as a Requirements

Elicitation Technique

A

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

° Data gathered may be highly ° People may perform differently
reliable. when being observed.

° Can see exactly what is being ° Work may vary in difficulty and
done. volume.

° Relatively inexpensive ° Some activities may take place a
(comer with other fact - odd times.
inding techniques). ° The tasks being observed ave

subject to various types of
interruptions.

37
Q

. Document Analysis

A

Q Collect Facts from Existing Documentation
© Organizational chart
© Screens of current system or printout or paper forms
© Documentation of previous system studies and designs
performed by systems analysts and consultants.

QO Analyze Facts to Determine Currency
© Even outdated documentation may be useful, but
recognize what is current and what is outdated.

38
Q

Document Analysis, con’t.

A

Q Analyze to Understand the Documentation
o Take notes, draw pictures, and use systems analysis and
design tools to model what you are learning or proposing
for the system.

Q To Employ Document Analysis Well…
© Learn as much as you can from existing documentation.
No one wants to spend time talking about things you could
have learned about from existing documentation.

39
Q

Document Analysis as a Requirements

Elicitation Technique

A

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

° Easy to find nonfunctional ° Harder to see process-based
requirements functional requirements

° Easy to find information- ° Functions and characteristics
based functional of the current system may
requirements be different than what is

wanted/needed in the new
system

analysis and design (8 decks)

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