Part 2 Definitions Of Words And Terms Flashcards
(234 cards)
1
Q
Acquisition
A
means the acquiring by contract with appro- priated funds of supplies or services (including construction) by and for the use of the Federal Government through purchase or lease, whether the supplies or services are already in existence or must be created, developed, demonstrated, and evaluated. Acquisition begins at the point when agency needs are established and includes the description of requirements to satisfy agency needs, solicitation and selection of sources, award of contracts, contract financing, contract performance, contract administration, and those technical and management functions directly related to the process of fulfilling agency needs by contract.
2
Q
“Acquisition planning”
A
means the process by which the efforts of all personnel responsible for an acquisition are coordinated and integrated through a comprehensive plan for fulfilling the agency need in a timely manner and at a reasonable cost. It includes developing the overall strategy for managing the acquisition.
3
Q
“Adequate evidence”
A
means information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a particular act or omission has occurred.
4
Q
“Advisory and assistance services”
A
means those services provided under contract by nongovernmental sources to support or improve: organizational policy development; decision-making; management and administration; program and/ or project management and administration; or R&D activities. It can also mean the furnishing of professional advice or assistance rendered to improve the effectiveness of Federal management processes or procedures (including those of an engineering and technical nature). In rendering the foregoing services, outputs may take the form of information, advice, opinions, alternatives, analyses, evaluations, recommendations, training and the day-to-day aid of support personnel needed for the successful performance of ongoing Federal operations. All advisory and assistance services are classified in one of the following definitional subdivisions: (1) Management and professional support services, i.e., contractual services that provide assistance, advice or training for the efficient and effective management and operation of organizations, activities (including management and support services for R&D activities), or systems. These services are normally closely related to the basic responsibilities and mission of the agency originating the requirement for the acquisition of services by contract. Included are efforts that support or contribute to improved organization of program management, logistics management, project monitoring and reporting, data collection, budgeting, accounting, performance auditing, and administrative technical support for conferences and training programs. (2) Studies, analyses and evaluations, i.e., contracted services that provide organized, analytical assessments/evaluations in support of policy development, decision-making, management, or administration. Included are studies in support of R&D activities. Also included are acquisitions of models, methodologies, and related software supporting studies, analyses or evaluations.
(3) Engineering and technical services, i.e., contractual services used to support the program office during the acquisition cycle by providing such services as systems engineering and technical direction (see 9.505-1(b)) to ensure the effective operation and maintenance of a weapon system or major system as defined in OMB Circular No. A-109 or to provide direct support of a weapon system that is essential to research, development, production, operation or maintenance of the system.
5
Q
“Affiliates”
A
means associated business concerns or indi- viduals if, directly or indirectly— (1) Either one controls or can control the other; or (2) A third party controls or can control both.
6
Q
“Agency head” or “head of the agency”
A
means the Secretary, Attorney General, Administrator, Governor, Chairperson, or other chief official of an executive agency, unless otherwise indicated, including any deputy or assistant chief official of an executive agency.
7
Q
“Alternate”
A
means a substantive variation of a basic provision or clause prescribed for use in a defined circumstance. It adds wording to, deletes wording from, or substitutes specified wording for a portion of the basic provision or clause. The alternate version of a provision or clause is the basic provision or clause as changed by the addition, deletion, or substitution (see 52.105(a)).
8
Q
“Architect-engineer services,”
A
as defined in 40 U.S.C. 1102, means— (1) Professional services of an architectural or engineer- ing nature, as defined by State law, if applicable, that are required to be performed or approved by a person licensed, registered, or certified to provide those services; (2) Professional services of an architectural or engineer- ing nature performed by contract that are associated with research, planning, development, design, construction, alter- ation, or repair of real property; and (3) Those other professional services of an architectural or engineering nature, or incidental services, that members of the architectural and engineering professions (and individuals in their employ) may logically or justifiably perform, includ- ing studies, investigations, surveying and mapping, tests, evaluations, consultations, comprehensive planning, program management, conceptual designs, plans and specifications, value engineering, construction phase services, soils engi- neering, drawing reviews, preparation of operating and maintenance manuals, and other related services.
9
Q
“Assignment of claims”
A
means the transfer or making over by the contractor to a bank, trust company, or other financing institution, as security for a loan to the contractor, of its right to be paid by the Government for contract performance. “Assisted acquisition” means a type of interagency acquisition where a servicing agency performs acquisition activities on a requesting agency’s behalf, such as awarding and administering a contract, task order, or delivery order.
10
Q
“Assisted acquisition”
A
means a type of interagency acquisition where a servicing agency performs acquisition activities on a requesting agency’s behalf, such as awarding and administering a contract, task order, or delivery order.
11
Q
“Basic research”
A
means that research directed toward increasing knowledge in science. The primary aim of basic research is a fuller knowledge or understanding of the subject under study, rather than any practical application of that knowledge.
12
Q
“Best value”
A
means the expected outcome of an acquisition that, in the Government’s estimation, provides the greatest overall benefit in response to the requirement.
13
Q
“Bid sample”
A
means a product sample required to be sub- mitted by an offeror to show characteristics of the offered products that cannot adequately be described by specifications, purchase descriptions, or the solicitation (e.g., balance, facility of use, or pattern).
14
Q
“Biobased product”
A
means a product determined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to be a commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that is composed, in whole or in significant part, of biological products, including renewable domestic agricultural materials and forestry materials.
15
Q
“Broad agency announcement”
A
means a general announcement of an agency’s research interest including criteria for selecting proposals and soliciting the participation of all offerors capable of satisfying the Government’s needs (see 6.102(d)(2)).
16
Q
“Building or work”
A
means construction activity as distinguished from manufacturing, furnishing of materials, or servicing and maintenance work. The terms include, without limitation, buildings, structures, and improvements of all types, such as bridges, dams, plants, highways, parkways, streets, subways, tunnels, sewers, mains, power lines, pumping stations, heavy generators, railways, airports, terminals, docks, piers, wharves, ways, lighthouses, buoys, jetties, breakwaters, levees, canals, dredging, shoring, rehabilitation and reactivation of plants, scaffolding, drilling, blasting, exca- vating, clearing, and landscaping. The manufacture or furnishing of materials, articles, supplies, or equipment (whether or not a Federal or State agency acquires title to such materi- als, articles, supplies, or equipment during the course of the manufacture or furnishing, or owns the materials from which they are manufactured or furnished) is not “building” or “work” within the meaning of this definition unless conducted in connection with and at the site of such building or work as is described in the foregoing sentence, or under the United States Housing Act of 1937 and the Housing Act of 1949 in the construction or development of the project.
17
Q
“Bundled contract”
A
means a contract where the requirements have been consolidated by bundling. (See the definition of bundling.) “Bundling” means— (1) Consolidating two or more requirements for supplies or services, previously provided or performed under separate smaller contracts, into a solicitation for a single contract that is likely to be unsuitable for award to a small business concern due to— (i) The diversity, size, or specialized nature of the elements of the performance specified; (ii) The aggregate dollar value of the anticipated award; (iii) The geographical dispersion of the contract per- formance sites; or (iv) Any combination of the factors described in paragraphs (1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this definition. (2) “Separate smaller contract” as used in this definition, means a contract that has been performed by one or more small business concerns or that was suitable for award to one or more small business concerns. (3) “Single contract” as used in this definition, includes—(i) Multiple awards of indefinite-quantity contracts under a single solicitation for the same or similar supplies or services to two or more sources (see FAR 16.504(c)); and (ii) An order placed against an indefinite quantity contract under a— (A) Federal Supply Schedule contract; or (B) Task-order contract or delivery-order contract awarded by another agency (i.e., Governmentwide acquisition contract or multi-agency contract). (4) This definition does not apply to a contract that will be awarded and performed entirely outside of the United States.
18
Q
“Business unit”
A
means any segment of an organization, or an entire business organization that is not divided into segments.
19
Q
“Central Contractor Registration (CCR) database”
A
means the primary Government repository for contractor informa- tion required for the conduct of business with the Government.
20
Q
“Certified cost or pricing data”
A
means “cost or pricing data” that were required to be submitted in accordance with FAR 15.403-4 and 15.403-5 and have been certified, or is required to be certified, in accordance with 15.406-2. This certification states that, to the best of the person’s knowledge and belief, the cost or pricing data are accurate, complete, and current as of a date certain before contract award. Cost or pricing data are required to be certified in certain procurements (10 U.S.C. 2306a and 41 U.S.C. 254b).
21
Q
“Change-of-name agreement”
A
means a legal instrument executed by the contractor and the Government that recognizes the legal change of name of the contractor without disturbing the original contractual rights and obligations of the parties.
22
Q
“Change order”
A
means a written order, signed by the contracting officer, directing the contractor to make a change that the Changes clause authorizes the contracting officer to order without the contractor’s consent.
23
Q
“Chief Acquisition Officer”
A
means an executive level acquisition official responsible for agency performance of acquisition activities and acquisition programs created pursuant to the Services Acquisition Reform Act of 2003, Section 1421 of Public Law 108-136.
24
Q
“Chief of mission”
A
means the principal officer in charge of a diplomatic mission of the United States or of a United States office abroad which is designated by the Secretary of State as diplomatic in nature, including any individual assigned under section 502(c) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-465) to be temporarily in charge of such a mission or office.
25
“Claim”
means a written demand or written assertion by one of the contracting parties seeking, as a matter of right, the payment of money in a sum certain, the adjustment or inter- pretation of contract terms, or other relief arising under or relating to the contract. However, a written demand or written assertion by the contractor seeking the payment of money exceeding $100,000 is not a claim under the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 until certified as required by the Act. A voucher, invoice, or other routine request for payment that is not in dispute when submitted is not a claim. The submission may be converted to a claim, by written notice to the contracting officer as provided in 33.206(a), if it is disputed either as to liability or amount or is not acted upon in a reasonable time.
26
“Classified acquisition”
means an acquisition in which offerors must have access to classified information to properly submit an offer or quotation, to understand the performance requirements, or to perform the contract.
27
“Classified contract”
means any contract in which the contractor or its employees must have access to classified information during contract performance. A contract may be a classified contract even though the contract document itself is unclassified.
28
“Classified information”
means any knowledge that can be communicated or any documentary material, regardless of its physical form or characteristics, that— (1)(i) Is owned by, is produced by or for, or is under the control of the United States Government; or (ii) Has been classified by the Department of Energy as privately generated restricted data following the procedures in 10 CFR 1045.21; and (2) Must be protected against unauthorized disclosure according to Executive Order 12958, Classified National Security Information, April 17, 1995, or classified in accordance with the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.
29
“Cognizant Federal agency”
means the Federal agency that, on behalf of all Federal agencies, is responsible for establishing final indirect cost rates and forward pricing rates, if applicable, and administering cost accounting standards for all contracts in a business unit.
30
“Combatant commander”
means the commander of a unified or specified combatant command established in accordance with 10 U.S.C. 161.
31
“Commercial component”
means any component that is a commercial item.
32
“Commercial item”
means— (1) Any item, other than real property, that is of a type customarily used by the general public or by non-governmental entities for purposes other than governmental purposes, and— (i) Has been sold, leased, or licensed to the general public; or (ii) Has been offered for sale, lease, or license to the general public; (2) Any item that evolved from an item described in paragraph (1) of this definition through advances in technology or performance and that is not yet available in the com- mercial marketplace, but will be available in the commercial marketplace in time to satisfy the delivery requirements under a Government solicitation; (3) Any item that would satisfy a criterion expressed in paragraphs (1) or (2) of this definition, but for— (i) Modifications of a type customarily available in the commercial marketplace; or (ii) Minor modifications of a type not customarily available in the commercial marketplace made to meet Federal Government requirements. Minor modifications means modifications that do not significantly alter the nongovernmental function or essential physical characteristics of an item or component, or change the purpose of a process. Factors to be considered in determining whether a modification is minor include the value and size of the modification and the com- parative value and size of the final product. Dollar values and percentages may be used as guideposts, but are not conclusive evidence that a modification is minor; (4) Any combination of items meeting the requirements of paragraphs (1), (2), (3), or (5) of this definition that are of a type customarily combined and sold in combination to the general public; (5) Installation services, maintenance services, repair services, training services, and other services if— (i) Such services are procured for support of an item referred to in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of this definition, regardless of whether such services are provided by the same source or at the same time as the item; and (ii) The source of such services provides similar services contemporaneously to the general public under terms and conditions similar to those offered to the Federal Government; (6) Services of a type offered and sold competitively in substantial quantities in the commercial marketplace based on established catalog or market prices for specific tasks per- formed or specific outcomes to be achieved and under stan- dard commercial terms and conditions. For purposes of these services— (i)
33
“Common item”
means material that is common to the applicable Government contract and the contractor’s other work.
34
“Component”
means any item supplied to the Government as part of an end item or of another component, except that for use in— (1) Part 25, see the definition in 25.003; (2) 52.225-1 and 52.225-3, see the definition in 52.225-1(a) and 52.225-3(a); (3) 52.225-9 and 52.225-11, see the definition in 52.225-9(a) and 52.225-11(a); and (4) 52.225-21 and 52.225-23, see the definition in 52.225-21(a) and 52.225-23(a).
35
“Computer database” or “database”
means a collection of recorded information in a form capable of, and for the purpose of, being stored in, processed, and operated on by a computer. The term does not include computer software.
36
“Computer software”
—(1) Means (i) Computer pro- grams that comprise a series of instructions, rules, routines, or statements, regardless of the media in which recorded, that allow or cause a computer to perform a specific operation or series of operations; and (ii) Recorded information comprising source code listings, design details, algorithms, processes, flow charts, formulas, and related material that would enable the computer program to be produced, created, or compiled. (2) Does not include computer databases or computer software documentation.
37
“Computer software documentation”
means owner’s man- uals, user’s manuals, installation instructions, operating instructions, and other similar items, regardless of storage medium, that explain the capabilities of the computer soft- ware or provide instructions for using the software.
38
“Consent to subcontract”
means the contracting officer’s written consent for the prime contractor to enter into a partic- ular subcontract.
39
“Construction”
means construction, alteration, or repair (including dredging, excavating, and painting) of buildings, structures, or other real property. For purposes of this definition, the terms “buildings, structures, or other real property” include, but are not limited to, improvements of all types, such as bridges, dams, plants, highways, parkways, streets, subways, tunnels, sewers, mains, power lines, cemeteries, pumping stations, railways, airport facilities, terminals, docks, piers, wharves, ways, lighthouses, buoys, jetties, breakwaters, levees, canals, and channels. Construction does not include the manufacture, production, furnishing, construction, alteration, repair, processing, or assembling of vessels, aircraft, or other kinds of personal property (except that for use in subpart 22.5, see the definition at 22.502).
40
“Contiguous United States (CONUS)”
means the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia.
41
“Contingency operation”
(10 U.S.C. 101(a)(13)) means a military operation that— (1) Is designated by the Secretary of Defense as an oper- ation in which members of the armed forces are or may become involved in military actions, operations, or hostilities against an enemy of the United States or against an opposing military force; or (2) Results in the call or order to, or retention on, active duty of members of the uniformed services under section 688, 12301(a), 12302, 12304, 12305, or 12406 of 10 U.S.C., Chapter 15 of 10 U.S.C., or any other provision of law during a war or during a national emergency declared by the Presi- dent or Congress.
42
“Continued portion of the contract”
means the portion of a contract that the contractor must continue to perform following a partial termination.
43
“Contract”
means a mutually binding legal relationship obligating the seller to furnish the supplies or services (includ- ing construction) and the buyer to pay for them. It includes all types of commitments that obligate the Government to an expenditure of appropriated funds and that, except as otherwise authorized, are in writing. In addition to bilateral instruments, contracts include (but are not limited to) awards and notices of awards; job orders or task letters issued under basic ordering agreements; letter contracts; orders, such as purchase orders, under which the contract becomes effective by written acceptance or performance; and bilateral contract modifica- tions. Contracts do not include grants and cooperative agree- ments covered by 31 U.S.C. 6301, et seq. For discussion of various types of contracts, see Part 16.
44
“Contract administration office”
means an office that per- forms— (1) Assigned postaward functions related to the admin- istration of contracts; and (2) Assigned preaward functions.
45
“Contract clause” or “clause”
means a term or condition used in contracts or in both solicitations and contracts, and applying after contract award or both before and after award.
46
“Contract modification”
means any written change in the terms of a contract (see 43.103).
47
“Contracting”
means purchasing, renting, leasing, or otherwise obtaining supplies or services from nonfederal sources. Contracting includes description (but not determina- tion) of supplies and services required, selection and solicitation of sources, preparation and award of contracts, and all phases of contract administration. It does not include making grants or cooperative agreements.
48
“Contracting activity”
means an element of an agency des- ignated by the agency head and delegated broad authority regarding acquisition functions.
49
“Contracting office”
means an office that awards or exe- cutes a contract for supplies or services and performs post- award functions not assigned to a contract administration office (except for use in Part 48, see also 48.001).
50
“Contracting officer”
means a person with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the contracting officer acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the contracting officer.
51
“Administrative contracting officer (ACO)”
refers to a contracting officer who is administering contracts.
52
“Termination contracting officer (TCO)”
refers to a contract- ing officer who is settling terminated contracts. A single con- tracting officer may be responsible for duties in any or all of these areas. Reference in this regulation (48 CFR Chapter 1) to administrative contracting officer or termination contract- ing officer does not— (1) Require that a duty be performed at a particular office or activity; or (2) Restrict in any way a contracting officer in the per- formance of any duty properly assigned.
53
“Contracting officer’s representative (COR)”
means an individual, including a contracting officer’s technical repre- sentative (COTR), designated and authorized in writing by the contracting officer to perform specific technical or adminis- trative functions.
54
“Conviction”
means a judgment or conviction of a criminal offense by any court of competent jurisdiction, whether entered upon a verdict or a plea, and includes a conviction entered upon a plea of nolo contendere. For use in Subpart 23.5, see the definition at 23.503.
55
“Cost or pricing data”
(10 U.S.C. 2306a(h)(1) and 41 U.S.C. 254b) means all facts that, as of the date of price agreement, or, if applicable, an earlier date agreed upon between the parties that is as close as practicable to the date of agreement on price, prudent buyers and sellers would rea- sonably expect to affect price negotiations significantly. Cost or pricing data are factual, not judgmental; and are verifiable. While they do not indicate the accuracy of the prospective contractor’s judgment about estimated future costs or projections, they do include the data forming the basis for that judg- ment. Cost or pricing data are more than historical accounting data; they are all the facts that can be reasonably expected to contribute to the soundness of estimates of future costs and to the validity of determinations of costs already incurred. They also include, but are not limited to, such factors as— (1) Vendor quotations; (2) Nonrecurring costs; (3) Information on changes in production methods and in production or purchasing volume; (4) Data supporting projections of business prospects and objectives and related operations costs; (5) Unit-cost trends such as those associated with labor efficiency; (6) Make-or-buy decisions; (7) Estimated resources to attain business goals; and (8) Information on management decisions that could have a significant bearing on costs.
56
“Cost realism”
means that the costs in an offeror’s proposal— (1) Are realistic for the work to be performed; (2) Reflect a clear understanding of the requirements; and (3) Are consistent with the various elements of the off- eror’s technical proposal.
57
“Cost sharing”
means an explicit arrangement under which the contractor bears some of the burden of reasonable, alloca- ble, and allowable contract cost.
58
“Customs territory of the United States”
means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
59
“Data other than certified cost or pricing data”
means pric- ing data, cost data, and judgmental information necessary for the contracting officer to determine a fair and reasonable price or to determine cost realism. Such data may include the iden- tical types of data as certified cost or pricing data, consistent with Table 15-2 of 15.408, but without the certification. The data may also include, for example, sales data and any infor- mation reasonably required to explain the offeror’s estimating process, including, but not limited to– (1) The judgmental factors applied and the mathematical or other methods used in the estimate, including those used in projecting from known data; and (2) The nature and amount of any contingencies included in the proposed price.
60
“Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) number”
means the 9-digit number assigned by Dun and Bradstreet, Inc. (D&B), to identify unique business entities, which is used as the identification number for Federal contractors.
61
“Data Universal Numbering System +4 (DUNS+4) num- ber”
means the DUNS number assigned by D&B plus a 4-character suffix that may be assigned by a business concern. (D&B has no affiliation with this 4-character suffix.) This 4-character suffix may be assigned at the discretion of the business concern to establish additional CCR records for iden- tifying alternative Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) accounts (see Subpart 32.11) for the same concern.
62
“Day”
means, unless otherwise specified, a calendar day.
63
“Debarment”
means action taken by a debarring official under 9.406 to exclude a contractor from Government contracting and Government-approved subcontracting for a reasonable, specified period; a contractor that is excluded is “debarred.”
64
“Delivery order”
means an order for supplies placed against an established contract or with Government sources.
65
“Depreciation”
means a charge to current operations that distributes the cost of a tangible capital asset, less estimated residual value, over the estimated useful life of the asset in a systematic and logical manner. It does not involve a process of valuation. Useful life refers to the prospective period of economic usefulness in a particular contractor’s operations as distinguished from physical life; it is evidenced by the actual or estimated retirement and replacement practice of the contractor.
66
“Descriptive literature”
means information provided by an offeror, such as cuts, illustrations, drawings, and brochures, that shows a product’s characteristics or construction of a product or explains its operation. The term includes only that information needed to evaluate the acceptability of the prod- uct and excludes other information for operating or maintaining the product.
67
“Design-to-cost”
means a concept that establishes cost elements as management goals to achieve the best balance between life-cycle cost, acceptable performance, and sched- ule. Under this concept, cost is a design constraint during the design and development phases and a management discipline throughout the acquisition and operation of the system or equipment.
68
“Designated operational area”
means a geographic area designated by the combatant commander or subordinate joint force commander for the conduct or support of specified military operations.
69
“Direct cost”
means any cost that is identified specifically with a particular final cost objective. Direct costs are not limited to items that are incorporated in the end product as material or labor. Costs identified specifically with a contract are direct costs of that contract. All costs identified specifically with other final cost objectives of the contractor are direct costs of those cost objectives.
70
“Direct acquisition”
means a type of interagency acquisition where a requesting agency places an order directly against a servicing agency’s indefinite-delivery contract. The servicing agency manages the indefinite-delivery contract but does not participate in the placement or administration of an order.
71
“Disaster Response Registry”
means a voluntary registry of contractors who are willing to perform debris removal, dis- tribution of supplies, reconstruction, and other disaster or emergency relief activities established in accordance with 6 U.S.C. 796, Registry of Disaster Response Contractors. The Registry contains information on contractors who are willing to perform disaster or emergency relief activities within the United States and its outlying areas. The Registry is accessed via https://www.acquisition.gov and alternately through the FEMA website at http://www.fema.gov/business/ index.shtm. (See 26.205.)
72
“Drug-free workplace”
means the site(s) for the performance of work done by the contractor in connection with a specific contract where employees of the contractor are prohibited from engaging in the unlawful manufacture, distribution, dispensing, possession, or use of a controlled substance.
73
“Earned value management system”
means a project man- agement tool that effectively integrates the project scope of work with cost, schedule and performance elements for opti- mum project planning and control. The qualities and operat- ing characteristics of an earned value management system are described in American National Standards Institute /Electronics Industries Alliance (ANSI/EIA) Standard-748, Earned Value Management Systems. (See OMB Circular A-11, Part 7.)
74
“Economically disadvantaged women-owned small business (EDWOSB) concern”—(see definition of “Women-Owned Small Business (WOSB) Program” in this section). “Effective date of termination”
means the date on which the notice of termination requires the contractor to stop performance under the contract. If the contractor receives the termination notice after the date fixed for termination, then the effective date of termination means the date the contractor receives the notice.
75
“Electronic and information technology (EIT)”
has the same meaning as “information technology” except EIT also includes any equipment or interconnected system or sub- system of equipment that is used in the creation, conversion, or duplication of data or information. The term EIT, includes, but is not limited to, telecommunication products (such as telephones), information kiosks and transaction machines, worldwide websites, multimedia, and office equipment (such as copiers and fax machines).
76
“Electronic commerce”
means electronic techniques for accomplishing business transactions including electronic mail or messaging, World Wide Web technology, electronic bulletin boards, purchase cards, electronic funds transfer, and elec- tronic data interchange.
77
“Electronic data interchange (EDI)”
means a technique for electronically transferring and storing formatted information between computers utilizing established and published formats and codes, as authorized by the applicable Federal Information Processing Standards.
78
“Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)”
means any transfer of funds, other than a transaction originated by cash, check, or similar paper instrument, that is initiated through an electronic terminal, telephone, computer, or magnetic tape, for the purpose of ordering, instructing, or authorizing a financial insti- tution to debit or credit an account. The term includes Automated Clearing House transfers, Fedwire transfers, and transfers made at automatic teller machines and point-of-sale terminals. For purposes of compliance with 31 U.S.C. 3332 and implementing regulations at 31 CFR Part 208, the term “electronic funds transfer” includes a Governmentwide com- mercial purchase card transaction.
79
“End product”
means supplies delivered under a line item of a Government contract, except for use in Part 25 and the associated clauses at 52.225-1, 52.225-3, and 52.225-5, see the definitions in 25.003, 52.225-1(a), 52.225-3(a), and 52.225-5(a). “Energy-efficient product”— (1) Means a product that— (i) Meets Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency criteria for use of the Energy Star trade- mark label; or (ii) Is in the upper 25 percent of efficiency for all sim- ilar products as designated by the Department of Energy’s Federal Energy Management Program. (2) As used in this definition, the term “product” does not include any energy-consuming product or system designed or procured for combat or combat-related missions (42 U.S.C. 8259b).
80
“Energy-efficient standby power devices”
means products that use— (1) External standby power devices, or that contain an internal standby power function; and (2) No more than one watt of electricity in their standby power consuming mode or meet recommended low standby levels as designated by the Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program.
81
“Energy-savings performance contract”
means a contract that requires the contractor to— (1) Perform services for the design, acquisition, financ- ing, installation, testing, operation, and where appropriate, maintenance and repair, of an identified energy conservation measure or series of measures at one or more locations; (2) Incur the costs of implementing the energy savings measures, including at least the cost (if any) incurred in mak- ing energy audits, acquiring and installing equipment, and training personnel in exchange for a predetermined share of the value of the energy savings directly resulting from imple- mentation of such measures during the term of the contract; and (3) Guarantee future energy and cost savings to the Government.
82
“Environmentally preferable”
means products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or ser- vices that serve the same purpose. This comparison may con- sider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance, or dis- posal of the product or service.
83
“Excess personal property”
means any personal property under the control of a Federal agency that the agency head determines is not required for its needs or for the discharge of its responsibilities.
84
“Excluded Parties List System”
means an electronic data- base maintained and posted by the General Services Admin- istration containing the list of all parties suspended, proposed for debarment, debarred, declared ineligible, or excluded or disqualified under the nonprocurement common rule by agen- cies, Government corporations, or by the Government Accountability Office.
85
“Executive agency”
means an executive department, a mil- itary department, or any independent establishment within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. 101, 102, and 104(1), respectively, and any wholly owned Government corporation within the mean- ing of 31 U.S.C. 9101.
86
“Facilities capital cost of money”
means “cost of money as an element of the cost of facilities capital” as used at 48 CFR 9904.414—Cost Accounting Standard—Cost of Money as an Element of the Cost of Facilities Capital.
87
“Facsimile”
means electronic equipment that communi- cates and reproduces both printed and handwritten material. If used in conjunction with a reference to a document; e.g., facsimile bid, the terms refers to a document (in the example given, a bid) that has been transmitted to and received by the Government via facsimile.
88
“Federal agency”
means any executive agency or any inde- pendent establishment in the legislative or judicial branch of the Government (except the Senate, the House of Represen- tatives, the Architect of the Capitol, and any activities under the Architect’s direction).
89
“Federally-controlled facilities”
means— (1) Federally-owned buildings or leased space, whether for single or multi-tenant occupancy, and its grounds and approaches, all or any portion of which is under the jurisdic- tion, custody or control of a department or agency; (2) Federally-controlled commercial space shared with non-government tenants. For example, if a department or agency leased the 10th floor of a commercial building, the Directive applies to the 10th floor only; (3) Government-owned, contractor-operated facilities, including laboratories engaged in national defense research and production activities; and (4) Facilities under a management and operating con- tract, such as for the operation, maintenance, or support of a Government-owned or Government-controlled research, development, special production, or testing establishment.
90
“Federally-controlled information system”
means an information system (44 U.S.C. 3502(8) used or operated by a Federal agency, or a contractor or other organization on behalf of the agency (44 U.S.C. 3544(a)(1)(A)).
91
“Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDC’s)”
means activities that are sponsored under a broad charter by a Government agency (or agencies) for the purpose of performing, analyzing, integrating, supporting, and/or managing basic or applied research and/or development, and that receive 70 percent or more of their financial support from the Government; and— (1) A long-term relationship is contemplated; (2) Most or all of the facilities are owned or funded by the Government; and (3) The FFRDC has access to Government and supplier data, employees, and facilities beyond that common in a nor- mal contractual relationship.
92
“Final indirect cost rate”
means the indirect cost rate estab- lished and agreed upon by the Government and the contractor as not subject to change. It is usually established after the close of the contractor’s fiscal year (unless the parties decide upon a different period) to which it applies. For cost-reimbursement research and development contracts with educational institu- tions, it may be predetermined; that is, established for a future period on the basis of cost experience with similar contracts, together with supporting data.
93
“First article”
means a preproduction model, initial pro- duction sample, test sample, first lot, pilot lot, or pilot models.
94
“First article testing”
means testing and evaluating the first article for conformance with specified contract requirements before or in the initial stage of production.
95
“F.o.b.”
means free on board. This term is used in conjunc- tion with a physical point to determine— (1) The responsibility and basis for payment of freight charges; and (2) Unless otherwise agreed, the point where title for goods passes to the buyer or consignee.
96
“F.o.b. destination”
means free on board at destination; i.e., the seller or consignor delivers the goods on seller’s or consignor’s conveyance at destination. Unless the contract provides otherwise, the seller or consignor is responsible for the cost of shipping and risk of loss. For use in the clause at 52.247-34, see the definition at 52.247-34(a).
97
“F.o.b. origin”
means free on board at origin; i.e., the seller or consignor places the goods on the conveyance. Unless the contract provides otherwise, the buyer or consignee is respon- sible for the cost of shipping and risk of loss. For use in the clause at 52.247-29, see the definition at 52.247-29(a). “F.o.b.”…(For other types of F.o.b., see 47.303).
98
“Forward pricing rate agreement”
means a written agree- ment negotiated between a contractor and the Government to make certain rates available during a specified period for use in pricing contracts or modifications. These rates represent reasonable projections of specific costs that are not easily esti- mated for, identified with, or generated by a specific contract, contract end item, or task. These projections may include rates for such things as labor, indirect costs, material obsolescence and usage, spare parts provisioning, and material handling.
99
“Forward pricing rate recommendation”
means a rate set unilaterally by the administrative contracting officer for use by the Government in negotiations or other contract actions when forward pricing rate agreement negotiations have not been completed or when the contractor will not agree to a for- ward pricing rate agreement.
100
“Freight”
means supplies, goods, and transportable property.
101
“Full and open competition,” when used with respect to a contract action,
means that all responsible sources are permit- ted to compete.
102
“General and administrative (G&A) expense”
means any management, financial, and other expense which is incurred by or allocated to a business unit and which is for the general management and administration of the business unit as a whole. G&A expense does not include those management expenses whose beneficial or causal relationship to cost objectives can be more directly measured by a base other than a cost input base representing the total activity of a business unit during a cost accounting period.
103
“Governmentwide acquisition contract (GWAC)”
means a task-order or delivery-order contract for information technol- ogy established by one agency for Governmentwide use that is operated— (1) By an executive agent designated by the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to 40 U.S.C. 11302(e); or (2) Under a delegation of procurement authority issued by the General Services Administration (GSA) prior to August 7, 1996, under authority granted GSA by former sec- tion 40 U.S.C. 759, repealed by Pub. L. 104-106. The Econ- omy Act does not apply to orders under a Governmentwide acquisition contract.
104
“Governmentwide point of entry (GPE)”
means the single point where Government business opportunities greater than $25,000, including synopses of proposed contract actions, solicitations, and associated information, can be accessed electronically by the public. The GPE is located at http:// www.fedbizopps.gov.
105
“Head of the agency” (see “agency head”). “Head of the contracting activity”
means the official who has overall responsibility for managing the contracting activity.
106
“Historically black college or university”
means an insti- tution determined by the Secretary of Education to meet the requirements of 34 CFR 608.2. For the Department of Defense, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Coast Guard, the term also includes any nonprofit research institution that was an integral part of such a college or university before November 14, 1986.
107
“HUBZone”
means a historically underutilized business zone that is an area located within one or more qualified cen- sus tracts, qualified nonmetropolitan counties, lands within the external boundaries of an Indian reservation, qualified base closure areas, or redesignated areas, as defined in 13 CFR 126.103.
108
“HUBZone contract”
means a contract awarded to a “HUBZone small business” concern through any of the fol- lowing procurement methods: (1) A sole source award to a HUBZone small business concern. (2) Set-aside awards based on competition restricted to HUBZone small business concerns. (3) Awards to HUBZone small business concerns through full and open competition after a price evaluation preference in favor of HUBZone small business concerns.
109
“HUBZone small business concern”
means a small busi- ness concern that appears on the List of Qualified HUBZone Small Business Concerns maintained by the Small Business Administration (13 CFR 126.103).
110
“Humanitarian or peacekeeping operation”
means a mili- tary operation in support of the provision of humanitarian or foreign disaster assistance or in support of a peacekeeping operation under Chapter VI or VII of the Charter of the United Nations. The term does not include routine training, force rotation, or stationing (10 U.S.C. 2302(8) and 41 U.S.C. 259(d)).
111
“In writing,” “writing,” or “written”
means any worded or numbered expression that can be read, reproduced, and later communicated, and includes electronically transmitted and stored information.
112
“Indirect cost”
means any cost not directly identified with a single final cost objective, but identified with two or more final cost objectives or with at least one intermediate cost objective.
113
“Indirect cost rate”
means the percentage or dollar factor that expresses the ratio of indirect expense incurred in a given period to direct labor cost, manufacturing cost, or another appropriate base for the same period (see also “final indirect cost rate”).
114
“Ineligible”
means excluded from Government contract- ing (and subcontracting, if appropriate) pursuant to statutory, Executive order, or regulatory authority other than this regu- lation (48 CFR Chapter 1) and its implementing and supple- menting regulations; for example, pursuant to the Davis- Bacon Act and its related statutes and implementing regula- tions, the Service Contract Act, the Equal Employment Opportunity Acts and Executive orders, the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, the Buy American Act, or the Environ- mental Protection Acts and Executive orders.
115
“Information security”
means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclo- sure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to pro- vide— (1) Integrity, which means guarding against improper information modification or destruction, and includes ensur- ing information nonrepudiation and authenticity; (2) Confidentiality, which means preserving authorized restrictions on access and disclosure, including means for pro- tecting personal privacy and proprietary information; and (3) Availability, which means ensuring timely and reli- able access to, and use of, information. “Information technology” means any equipment, or inter- connected system(s) or subsystem(s) of equipment, that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, analysis, evalua- tion, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information by the agency. (1) For purposes of this definition, equipment is used by an agency if the equipment is used by the agency directly or is used by a contractor under a contract with the agency that requires— (i) Its use; or (ii) To a significant extent, its use in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product. (2) The term “information technology” includes com- puters, ancillary equipment (including imaging peripherals, input, output, and storage devices necessary for security and surveillance), peripheral equipment designed to be controlled by the central processing unit of a computer, software, firm- ware and similar procedures, services (including support ser- vices), and related resources. (3) The term “information technology” does not include any equipment that—(i) Is acquired by a contractor incidental to a con- tract; or (ii) Contains imbedded information technology that is used as an integral part of the product, but the principal function of which is not the acquisition, storage, analysis, evaluation, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information. For example, HVAC (heating, ventila- tion, and air conditioning) equipment, such as thermostats or temperature control devices, and medical equipment where information technology is integral to its operation, are not information technology.
116
“Inherently governmental function”
means, as a matter of policy, a function that is so intimately related to the public interest as to mandate performance by Government employ- ees. This definition is a policy determination, not a legal deter- mination. An inherently governmental function includes activities that require either the exercise of discretion in apply- ing Government authority, or the making of value judgments in making decisions for the Government. Governmental func- tions normally fall into two categories: the act of governing, i.e., the discretionary exercise of Government authority, and monetary transactions and entitlements. (1) An inherently governmental function involves, among other things, the interpretation and execution of the laws of the United States so as to— (i) Bind the United States to take or not to take some action by contract, policy, regulation, authorization, order, or otherwise; (ii) Determine, protect, and advance United States economic, political, territorial, property, or other interests by military or diplomatic action, civil or criminal judicial pro- ceedings, contract management, or otherwise; (iii) Significantly affect the life, liberty, or property of private persons; (iv) Commission, appoint, direct, or control officers or employees of the United States; or (v) Exert ultimate control over the acquisition, use, or disposition of the property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, of the United States, including the collection, con- trol, or disbursement of Federal funds. (2) Inherently governmental functions do not normally include gathering information for or providing advice, opin- ions, recommendations, or ideas to Government officials. They also do not include functions that are primarily ministe- rial and internal in nature, such as building security, mail oper- ations, operation of cafeterias, housekeeping, facilities operations and maintenance, warehouse operations, motor vehicle fleet management operations, or other routine electri- cal or mechanical services.
117
“Inspection”
means examining and testing supplies or ser- vices (including, when appropriate, raw materials, compo- nents, and intermediate assemblies) to determine whether they conform to contract requirements.
118
“Insurance”
means a contract that provides that for a stip- ulated consideration, one party undertakes to indemnify another against loss, damage, or liability arising from an unknown or contingent event.
119
“Interagency acquisition”
means a procedure by which an agency needing supplies or services (the requesting agency) obtains them from another agency (the servicing agency), by an assisted acquisition or a direct acquisition. The term includes— (1) Acquisitions under the Economy Act (31 U.S.C. 1535); and (2) Non-Economy Act acquisitions completed under other statutory authorities, (e.g., General Services Administration Federal Supply Schedules in subpart 8.4 and Government- wide acquisition contracts (GWACs)).
120
“Invoice”
means a contractor’s bill or written request for payment under the contract for supplies delivered or services performed (see also “proper invoice”).
121
“Irrevocable letter of credit”
means a written commitment by a federally insured financial institution to pay all or part of a stated amount of money, until the expiration date of the let- ter, upon the Government’s (the beneficiary) presentation of a written demand for payment. Neither the financial institu- tion nor the offeror/contractor can revoke or condition the let- ter of credit.
122
“Labor surplus area”
means a geographical area identified by the Department of Labor in accordance with 20 CFR Part 654, Subpart A, as an area of concentrated unemployment or underemployment or an area of labor surplus.
123
“Labor surplus area concern”
means a concern that together with its first-tier subcontractors will perform sub-stantially in labor surplus areas. Performance is substantially in labor surplus areas if the costs incurred under the contract on account of manufacturing, production, or performance of appropriate services in labor surplus areas exceed 50 percent of the contract price.
124
“Latent defect”
means a defect that exists at the time of acceptance but cannot be discovered by a reasonable inspection.
125
“Major system”
means that combination of elements that will function together to produce the capabilities required to fulfill a mission need. The elements may include hardware, equipment, software, or any combination thereof, but exclude construction or other improvements to real property. A system is a major system if— (1) The Department of Defense is responsible for the system and the total expenditures for research, development, test, and evaluation for the system are estimated to be more than $189.5 million or the eventual total expenditure for the acquisition exceeds $890 million; (2) A civilian agency is responsible for the system and total expenditures for the system are estimated to exceed $2 million or the dollar threshold for a “major system” estab- lished by the agency pursuant to Office of Management and Budget Circular A-109, entitled “Major System Acquisi- tions,” whichever is greater; or (3) The system is designated a “major system” by the head of the agency responsible for the system (10 U.S.C. 2302 and 41 U.S.C. 403).
126
“Make-or-buy program”
means that part of a contractor’s written plan for a contract identifying those major items to be produced or work efforts to be performed in the prime con- tractor’s facilities and those to be subcontracted.
127
“Market research”
means collecting and analyzing infor- mation about capabilities within the market to satisfy agency needs.
128
“Master solicitation”
means a document containing special clauses and provisions that have been identified as essential for the acquisition of a specific type of supply or service that is acquired repetitively. “May” denotes the permissive. However, the words “no person may…” mean that no person is required, authorized, or permitted to do the act described.
129
“Micro-purchase”
means an acquisition of supplies or ser- vices using simplified acquisition procedures, the aggregate amount of which does not exceed the micro-purchase threshold.
130
“Micro-purchase threshold”
means $3,000, except it means— (1) For acquisitions of construction subject to the Davis-Bacon Act, $2,000; (2) For acquisitions of services subject to the Service Contract Act, $2,500; and (3) For acquisitions of supplies or services that, as deter- mined by the head of the agency, are to be used to support a contingency operation or to facilitate defense against or recovery from nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological attack, as described in 13.201(g)(1), except for construction subject to the Davis-Bacon Act (41 U.S.C. 428a)— (i) $15,000 in the case of any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, inside the United States; and (ii) $30,000 in the case of any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, outside the United States.
131
“Minority Institution”
means an institution of higher edu- cation meeting the requirements of Section 365(3) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067k), including a Hispanic-serving institution of higher education, as defined in Section 502(a) of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1101a).
132
“Multi-agency contract (MAC)”
means a task-order or delivery-order contract established by one agency for use by Government agencies to obtain supplies and services, consis- tent with the Economy Act (see 17.502-2). Multi-agency con- tracts include contracts for information technology established pursuant to 40 U.S.C. 11314(a)(2). “Must” (see “shall”).
133
“National defense”
means any activity related to programs for military or atomic energy production or construction, mil- itary assistance to any foreign nation, stockpiling, or space, except that for use in Subpart 11.6, see the definition in 11.601.
134
“Neutral person”
means an impartial third party, who serves as a mediator, fact finder, or arbitrator, or otherwise functions to assist the parties to resolve the issues in contro- versy. A neutral person may be a permanent or temporary officer or employee of the Federal Government or any other individual who is acceptable to the parties. A neutral person must have no official, financial, or personal conflict of interest with respect to the issues in controversy, unless the interest is fully disclosed in writing to all parties and all parties agree that the neutral person may serve (5 U.S.C. 583).
135
“Nondevelopmental item”
means— (1) Any previously developed item of supply used exclusively for governmental purposes by a Federal agency, a State or local government, or a foreign government with which the United States has a mutual defense cooperation agreement; (2) Any item described in paragraph (1) of this defini- tion that requires only minor modification or modifications of a type customarily available in the commercial marketplace in order to meet the requirements of the procuring department or agency; or (3) Any item of supply being produced that does not meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) or (2) solely because the item is not yet in use. “Novation agreement” means a legal instrument—(1) Executed by the— (i) Contractor (transferor); (ii) Successor in interest (transferee); and (iii) Government; and (2) By which, among other things, the transferor guar- antees performance of the contract, the transferee assumes all obligations under the contract, and the Government recog- nizes the transfer of the contract and related assets.
136
“Offer”
means a response to a solicitation that, if accepted, would bind the offeror to perform the resultant contract. Responses to invitations for bids (sealed bidding) are offers called “bids” or “sealed bids”; responses to requests for pro- posals (negotiation) are offers called “proposals”; however, responses to requests for quotations (simplified acquisition) are “quotations,” not offers. For unsolicited proposals, see Subpart 15.6.
137
“Offeror”
means offeror or bidder.
138
“Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization”
means the Office of Small Business Programs when referring to the Department of Defense.
139
“Online Representations and Certifications Application (ORCA)”
means the primary Government repository for con- tractor submitted representations and certifications required for the conduct of business with the Government. Access ORCA via https://www.acquisition.gov.
140
“Option”
means a unilateral right in a contract by which, for a specified time, the Government may elect to purchase additional supplies or services called for by the contract, or may elect to extend the term of the contract.
141
“Organizational conflict of interest”
means that because of other activities or relationships with other persons, a person is unable or potentially unable to render impartial assistance or advice to the Government, or the person’s objectivity in per- forming the contract work is or might be otherwise impaired, or a person has an unfair competitive advantage. “Outlying areas” means— (1) Commonwealths.(i) Puerto Rico. (ii) The Northern Mariana Islands; (2) Territories.(i) American Samoa. (ii) Guam. (iii) U.S. Virgin Islands; and (3) Minor outlying islands.(i) Baker Island. (ii) Howland Island. (iii) Jarvis Island. (iv) Johnston Atoll. (v) Kingman Reef. (vi) Midway Islands. (vii) Navassa Island. (viii) Palmyra Atoll. (ix) Wake Atoll.
142
“Overtime”
means time worked by a contractor’s employee in excess of the employee’s normal workweek.
143
“Overtime premium”
means the difference between the contractor’s regular rate of pay to an employee for the shift involved and the higher rate paid for overtime. It does not include shift premium, i.e., the difference between the con- tractor's regular rate of pay to an employee and the higher rate paid for extra-pay-shift work.
144
“Ozone-depleting substance”
means any substance the Environmental Protection Agency designates in 40 CFR Part 82 as— (1) Class I, including, but not limited to, chlorofluoro- carbons, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform; or (2) Class II, including, but not limited to, hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
145
“Partial termination”
means the termination of a part, but not all, of the work that has not been completed and accepted under a contract.
146
“Past performance”
means an offeror’s or contractor’s per- formance on active and physically completed contracts (see 4.804-4).
147
“Performance-based acquisition (PBA)”
means an acqui- sition structured around the results to be achieved as opposed to the manner by which the work is to be performed.
148
“Performance Work Statement (PWS)”
means a statement of work for performance-based acquisitions that describes the required results in clear, specific and objective terms with measurable outcomes.
149
“Personal property”
means property of any kind or interest in it except real property, records of the Federal Government, and naval vessels of the following categories: (1) Battleships; (2) Cruisers; (3) Aircraft carriers; (4) Destroyers; and (5) Submarines.
150
“Personal services contract”
means a contract that, by its express terms or as administered, makes the contractor per- sonnel appear to be, in effect, Government employees (see 37.104).
151
“Plant clearance officer”
means an authorized representa- tive of the contracting officer, appointed in accordance with agency procedures, responsible for screening, redistributing, and disposing of contractor inventory from a contractor’s plant or work site. The term “Contractor’s plant” includes, but is not limited to, Government-owned contractor-operated plants, Federal installations, and Federal and non-Federal industrial operations, as may be required under the scope of the contract.
152
“Pollution prevention”
means any practice that— (1)(i) Reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or other- wise released into the environment (including fugitive emis- sions) prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and (ii) Reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants, and contaminants; (2) Reduces or eliminates the creation of pollutants through increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water, or other resources; or (3) Protects natural resources by conservation.
153
“Power of attorney”
means the authority given one person or corporation to act for and obligate another, as specified in the instrument creating the power; in corporate suretyship, an instrument under seal that appoints an attorney-in-fact to act in behalf of a surety company in signing bonds (see also “attorney-in-fact” at 28.001).
154
“Preaward survey”
means an evaluation of a prospective contractor’s capability to perform a proposed contract.
155
“Preponderance of the evidence”
means proof by informa- tion that, compared with that opposing it, leads to the conclu- sion that the fact at issue is more probably true than not.
156
“Pricing”
means the process of establishing a reasonable amount or amounts to be paid for supplies or services.
157
“Principal”
means an officer, director, owner, partner, or a person having primary management or supervisory responsi- bilities within a business entity (e.g., general manager; plant manager; head of a division or business segment; and similar positions).
158
“Procurement” (see “acquisition”). “Procuring activity”
means a component of an executive agency having a significant acquisition function and desig- nated as such by the head of the agency. Unless agency regu- lations specify otherwise, the term “procuring activity” is synonymous with “contracting activity.”
159
“Projected average loss”
means the estimated long-term average loss per period for periods of comparable exposure to risk of loss.
160
“Proper invoice”
means an invoice that meets the mini- mum standards specified in 32.905(b).
161
“Purchase order,” when issued by the Government,
means an offer by the Government to buy supplies or services, including construction and research and development, upon specified terms and conditions, using simplified acquisition procedures.
162
“Qualification requirement”
means a Government require- ment for testing or other quality assurance demonstration that must be completed before award of a contract.
163
“Qualified products list (QPL)”
means a list of products that have been examined, tested, and have satisfied all appli- cable qualification requirements.
164
“Receiving report”
means written evidence that indicates Government acceptance of supplies delivered or services per- formed (see Subpart 46.6). Receiving reports must meet the requirements of 32.905(c).
165
“Recovered material”
means waste materials and by-prod- ucts recovered or diverted from solid waste, but the term does not include those materials and by-products generated from, and commonly reused within, an original manufacturing pro- cess. For use in Subpart 11.3 for paper and paper products, see the definition at 11.301.
166
“Registered in the CCR database”
means that—(1) The contractor has entered all mandatory informa- tion, including the DUNS number or the DUNS+4 number, into the CCR database; and (2) The Government has validated all mandatory data fields, to include validation of the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and has marked the record “Active”. The contractor will be required to provide consent for TIN validation to the Govern- ment as a part of the CCR registration process.
167
“Renewable energy”
means energy produced by solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, landfill gas, ocean (including tidal, wave, current, and thermal), municipal solid waste, or new hydroelectric generation capacity achieved from increased efficiency or additions of new capacity at an exist- ing hydroelectric project (Energy Policy Act of 2005, 42 U.S.C. 15852).
168
“Renewable energy technology”
means— (1) Technologies that use renewable energy to provide light, heat, cooling, or mechanical or electrical energy for use in facilities or other activities; or (2) The use of integrated whole-building designs that rely upon renewable energy resources, including passive solar design.
169
“Requesting agency”
means the agency that has the requirement for an interagency acquisition.
170
“Residual value”
means the proceeds, less removal and disposal costs, if any, realized upon disposition of a tangible capital asset. It usually is measured by the net proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the asset, or its fair value if the asset is traded in on another asset. The estimated residual value is a current forecast of the residual value.
171
“Responsible audit agency”
means the agency that is responsible for performing all required contract audit services at a business unit.
172
“Responsible prospective contractor”
means a contractor that meets the standards in 9.104.
173
“Scrap”
means personal property that has no value except its basic metallic, mineral, or organic content.
174
“Segment”
means one of two or more divisions, product departments, plants, or other subdivisions of an organization reporting directly to a home office, usually identified with responsibility for profit and/or producing a product or service. The term includes— (1) Government-owned contractor-operated (GOCO) facilities; and (2) Joint ventures and subsidiaries (domestic and for- eign) in which the organization has— (i) A majority ownership; or (ii) Less than a majority ownership, but over which it exercises control.
175
“Self-insurance”
means the assumption or retention of the risk of loss by the contractor, whether voluntarily or involun- tarily. Self-insurance includes the deductible portion of pur- chased insurance.
176
“Senior procurement executive”
means the individual appointed pursuant to section 16(3) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 414(3)) who is responsi- ble for management direction of the acquisition system of the executive agency, including implementation of the unique acquisition policies, regulations, and standards of the execu- tive agency.
177
“Service-disabled veteran-owned small business concern”— (1)
Means a small business concern— (i) Not less than 51 percent of which is owned by one or more service-disabled veterans or, in the case of any pub- licly owned business, not less than 51 percent of the stock of which is owned by one or more service-disabled veterans; and (ii) The management and daily business operations of which are controlled by one or more service-disabled vet- erans or, in the case of a service-disabled veteran with perma- nent and severe disability, the spouse or permanent caregiver of such veteran. (2) Service-disabled veteran means a veteran, as defined in 38 U.S.C. 101(2), with a disability that is service- connected, as defined in 38 U.S.C. 101(16).
178
“Servicing agency”
means the agency that will conduct an assisted acquisition on behalf of the requesting agency.
179
“Shall”
means the imperative.
180
“Shipment”
means freight transported or to be transported.
181
“Shop drawings”
means drawings submitted by the con- struction contractor or a subcontractor at any tier or required under a construction contract, showing in detail either or both of the following: (1) The proposed fabrication and assembly of structural elements. (2) The installation (i.e., form, fit, and attachment details) of materials or equipment.
182
“Should”
means an expected course of action or policy that is to be followed unless inappropriate for a particular circumstance.
183
“Signature” or “signed”
means the discrete, verifiable symbol of an individual that, when affixed to a writing with the knowledge and consent of the individual, indicates a present intention to authenticate the writing. This includes electronic symbols.
184
“Simplified acquisition procedures”
means the methods prescribed in Part 13 for making purchases of supplies or services.
185
“Simplified acquisition threshold”
means $150,000, except for acquisitions of supplies or services that, as deter- mined by the head of the agency, are to be used to support a contingency operation or to facilitate defense against or recovery from nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological attack (41 U.S.C. 428a), the term means— (1) $300,000 for any contract to be awarded and per- formed, or purchase to be made, inside the United States; and (2) $1 million for any contract to be awarded and per- formed, or purchase to be made, outside the United States.
186
“Single, Governmentwide point of entry,”
means the one point of entry to be designated by the Administrator of OFPP that will allow the private sector to electronically access pro- curement opportunities Governmentwide.
187
“Small business concern”
means a concern, including its affiliates, that is independently owned and operated, not dom- inant in the field of operation in which it is bidding on Gov- ernment contracts, and qualified as a small business under the criteria and size standards in 13 CFR part 121 (see 19.102). Such a concern is “not dominant in its field of operation” when it does not exercise a controlling or major influence on a national basis in a kind of business activity in which a num- ber of business concerns are primarily engaged. In determin- ing whether dominance exists, consideration must be given to all appropriate factors, including volume of business, number of employees, financial resources, competitive status or posi- tion, ownership or control of materials, processes, patents, license agreements, facilities, sales territory, and nature of business activity. (See 15 U.S.C. 632.)
188
“Small business subcontractor”
means a concern, includ- ing affiliates, that for subcontracts valued at— (1) $10,000 or less, does not have more than 500 employees; and (2) More than $10,000, does not have employees or average annual receipts exceeding the size standard in 13 CFR Part 121 (see 19.102) for the product or service it is providing on the subcontract.
189
“Small disadvantaged business concern” (except for 52.212-3(c)(4) and 52.219-1(b)(2) for general statistical pur- poses and 52.212-3(c)(9)(ii), 52.219-22(b)(2), 52.219-22(b)(1)(C), and 52.219-23(a)(3) for joint ventures under the price evaluation adjustment for small disadvantaged business concerns), consistent with 13 CFR 124.1002,
means an offeror, that is a small business under the size standard applicable to the acquisition; and either— (1) It has received certification as a small disadvantaged business concern consistent with 13 CFR Part 124, Subpart B; and (i) No material change in disadvantaged ownership and control has occurred since its certification; (ii) Where the concern is owned by one or more dis- advantaged individuals, the net worth of each individual upon whom the certification is based does not exceed $750,000 after taking into account the applicable exclusions set forth at 13 CFR 124.104(c)(2); and (iii) It is identified, on the date of its representation, as a certified small disadvantaged business concern in the CCR Dynamic Small Business Search data base maintained by the Small Business Administration; (2) For a prime contractor, it has submitted a completed application to the Small Business Administration or a private certifier to be certified as a small disadvantaged business con- cern in accordance with 13 CFR Part 124, Subpart B, and a decision on that application is pending, and that no material change in disadvantaged ownership and control has occurred since it submitted its application. In this case, a contractor must receive certification as a small disadvantaged business by the Small Business Administration prior to contract award; or (3) It represents in writing that it qualifies as a small dis- advantaged business (SDB) for any Federal subcontracting program if it believes in good faith that it is owned and con- trolled by one or more socially and economically disadvan- taged individuals and meets the SDB eligibility criteria of 13 CFR 124.1002.
190
“Sole source acquisition”
means a contract for the pur- chase of supplies or services that is entered into or proposed to be entered into by an agency after soliciting and negotiating with only one source.
191
“Solicitation”
means any request to submit offers or quo- tations to the Government. Solicitations under sealed bid pro- cedures are called “invitations for bids.” Solicitations under negotiated procedures are called “requests for proposals.” Solicitations under simplified acquisition procedures may require submission of either a quotation or an offer.
192
“Solicitation provision or provision”
means a term or con- dition used only in solicitations and applying only before con- tract award.
193
“Source selection information”
means any of the following information that is prepared for use by an agency for the pur- pose of evaluating a bid or proposal to enter into an agency procurement contract, if that information has not been previ- ously made available to the public or disclosed publicly: (1) Bid prices submitted in response to an agency invi- tation for bids, or lists of those bid prices before bid opening. (2) Proposed costs or prices submitted in response to an agency solicitation, or lists of those proposed costs or prices. (3) Source selection plans. (4) Technical evaluation plans. (5) Technical evaluations of proposals. (6) Cost or price evaluations of proposals. (7) Competitive range determinations that identify pro- posals that have a reasonable chance of being selected for award of a contract. (8) Rankings of bids, proposals, or competitors. (9) Reports and evaluations of source selection panels, boards, or advisory councils. (10) Other information marked as “Source Selection Information—See FAR 2.101 and 3.104” based on a case-by- case determination by the head of the agency or the contract- ing officer, that its disclosure would jeopardize the integrity or successful completion of the Federal agency procurement to which the information relates.
194
“Special competency”
means a special or unique capabil- ity, including qualitative aspects, developed incidental to the primary functions of the Federally Funded Research and Development Centers to meet some special need.
195
“Special test equipment”
means either single or multipur- pose integrated test units engineered, designed, fabricated, or modified to accomplish special purpose testing in performing a contract. It consists of items or assemblies of equipment including foundations and similar improvements necessary for installing special test equipment, and standard or general purpose items or components that are interconnected and interdependent so as to become a new functional entity for special testing purposes. Special test equipment does not include material, special tooling, real property, and equipment items used for general testing purposes or property that with relatively minor expense can be made suitable for general pur- pose use.
196
“Special tooling”
means jigs, dies, fixtures, molds, pat- terns, taps, gauges, and all components of these items includ- ing foundations and similar improvements necessary for installing special tooling, and which are of such a specialized nature that without substantial modification or alteration their use is limited to the development or production of particular supplies or parts thereof or to the performance of particular services. Special tooling does not include material, special test equipment, real property, equipment, machine tools, or simi- lar capital items.
197
“State and local taxes”
means taxes levied by the States, the District of Columbia, outlying areas of the United States, or their political subdivisions.
198
“Statement of Objectives (SOO)”
means a Government- prepared document incorporated into the solicitation that states the overall performance objectives. It is used in solici- tations when the Government intends to provide the maxi- mum flexibility to each offeror to propose an innovative approach.
199
“Substantial evidence”
means information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a particular act or omission has occurred.
200
“Substantially as follows” or “substantially the same as,” when used in the prescription and introductory text of a pro- vision or clause,
means that authorization is granted to prepare and utilize a variation of that provision or clause to accommo- date requirements that are peculiar to an individual acquisi- tion; provided that the variation includes the salient features of the FAR provision or clause, and is not inconsistent with the intent, principle, and substance of the FAR provision or clause or related coverage of the subject matter.
201
“Supplemental agreement”
means a contract modification that is accomplished by the mutual action of the parties.
202
“Supplies”
means all property except land or interest in land. It includes (but is not limited to) public works, buildings, and facilities; ships, floating equipment, and vessels of every character, type, and description, together with parts and acces- sories; aircraft and aircraft parts, accessories, and equipment; machine tools; and the alteration or installation of any of the foregoing.
203
“Supporting a diplomatic or consular mission”
means per- forming outside the United States under a contract adminis- tered by Federal agency personnel who are subject to the direction of a Chief of Mission.
204
“Surety”
means an individual or corporation legally liable for the debt, default, or failure of a principal to satisfy a con- tractual obligation. The types of sureties referred to are as follows: (1) An individual surety is one person, as distinguished from a business entity, who is liable for the entire penal amount of the bond. (2) A corporate surety is licensed under various insur- ance laws and, under its charter, has legal power to act as surety for others. (3) A cosurety is one of two or more sureties that are jointly liable for the penal sum of the bond. A limit of liability for each surety may be stated.
205
“Surplus property”
means excess personal property not required by any Federal agency as determined by the Admin- istrator of the General Services Administration (GSA). (See 41 CFR 102-36.40).
206
“Suspension”
means action taken by a suspending official under 9.407 to disqualify a contractor temporarily from Gov- ernment contracting and Government-approved subcontract- ing; a contractor that is disqualified is “suspended.”
207
“Sustainable acquisition”
means acquiring goods and ser- vices in order to create and maintain conditions— (1) Under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony; and (2) That permit fulfilling the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations.
208
“Task order”
means an order for services placed against an established contract or with Government sources.
209
“Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)”
means the num- ber required by the IRS to be used by the offeror in reporting income tax and other returns. The TIN may be either a Social Security Number or an Employer Identification Number.
210
“Technical data”
means recorded information (regardless of the form or method of the recording) of a scientific or tech- nical nature (including computer databases and computer software documentation). This term does not include com- puter software or financial, administrative, cost or pricing, or management data or other information incidental to contract administration. The term includes recorded information of a scientific or technical nature that is included in computer data- bases (See 41 U.S.C. 403(8)).
211
“Termination for convenience”
means the exercise of the Government’s right to completely or partially terminate per- formance of work under a contract when it is in the Govern- ment’s interest.
212
“Termination for default”
means the exercise of the Gov- ernment’s right to completely or partially terminate a contract because of the contractor’s actual or anticipated failure to per- form its contractual obligations.
213
“Termination inventory”
means any property purchased, supplied, manufactured, furnished, or otherwise acquired for the performance of a contract subsequently terminated and properly allocable to the terminated portion of the contract. It includes Government-furnished property. It does not include any facilities, material, special test equipment, or special tool- ing that are subject to a separate contract or to a special con- tract requirement governing their use or disposition.
214
“Terminated portion of the contract”
means the portion of a contract that the contractor is not to perform following a par- tial termination. For construction contracts that have been completely terminated for convenience, it means the entire contract, notwithstanding the completion of, and payment for, individual items of work before termination.
215
“Unallowable cost”
means any cost that, under the provi- sions of any pertinent law, regulation, or contract, cannot be included in prices, cost-reimbursements, or settlements under a Government contract to which it is allocable.
216
“Unique and innovative concept,” when used relative to an unsolicited research proposal,
means that— (1) In the opinion and to the knowledge of the Govern- ment evaluator, the meritorious proposal— (i) Is the product of original thinking submitted con- fidentially by one source; (ii) Contains new, novel, or changed concepts, approaches, or methods; (iii) Was not submitted previously by another; and (iv) Is not otherwise available within the Federal Government. (2) In this context, the term does not mean that the source has the sole capability of performing the research.
217
“United States,” when used in a geographic sense,
means the 50 States and the District of Columbia, except as follows: (1) For use in Subpart 3.10, see the definition at 3.1001. (2) For use in Subpart 22.8, see the definition at 22.801. (3) For use in Subpart 22.10, see the definition at 22.1001. (4) For use in Subpart 22.13, see the definition at 22.1301. (5) For use in Subpart 22.16, see the definition at 22.1601. (6) For use in Subpart 22.18, see the definition at 22.1801. (7) For use in part 23, see definition at 23.001. (8) For use in Part 25, see the definition at 25.003. (9) For use in Part 27, see the definition at 27.001. (10) For use in Subpart 47.4, see the definition at 47.401.
218
“Unsolicited proposal”
means a written proposal for a new or innovative idea that is submitted to an agency on the initia- tive of the offeror for the purpose of obtaining a contract with the Government, and that is not in response to a request for proposals, Broad Agency Announcement, Small Business Innovation Research topic, Small Business Technology Transfer Research topic, Program Research and Development Announcement, or any other Government-initiated solicita- tion or program.
219
“Value engineering”
means an analysis of the functions of a program, project, system, product, item of equipment, build- ing, facility, service, or supply of an executive agency, per- formed by qualified agency or contractor personnel, directed at improving performance, reliability, quality, safety, and life- cycle costs (Section 36 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act, 41 U.S.C. 401, et seq.). For use in the clause at 52.248-2, see the definition at 52.248-2(b).
220
“Value engineering change proposal (VECP)”—
(1) Means a proposal that— (i) Requires a change to the instant contract to imple- ment; and (ii) Results in reducing the overall projected cost to the agency without impairing essential functions or character- istics, provided, that it does not involve a change— (A) In deliverable end item quantities only; (B) In research and development (R&D) items or R&D test quantities that are due solely to results of previous testing under the instant contract; or (C) To the contract type only. (2) For use in the clauses at— (i) 52.248-2, see the definition at 52.248-2(b); and (ii) 52.248-3, see the definition at 52.248-3(b).
221
“Veteran-owned small business concern”
means a small business concern— (1) Not less than 51 percent of which is owned by one or more veterans (as defined at 38 U.S.C. 101(2)) or, in the case of any publicly owned business, not less than 51 percent of the stock of which is owned by one or more veterans; and (2) The management and daily business operations of which are controlled by one or more veterans.
222
“Virgin material”
means— (1) Previously unused raw material, including previ- ously unused copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, iron, other metal or metal ore; or (2) Any undeveloped resource that is, or with new tech- nology will become, a source of raw materials.
223
“Voluntary consensus standards”
means common and repeated use of rules, conditions, guidelines or characteristics for products, or related processes and production methods and related management systems. Voluntary Consensus Standards are developed or adopted by domestic and international vol- untary consensus standard making bodies (e.g., International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and ASTM-Interna- tional). See OMB Circular A-119.
224
“Warranty”
means a promise or affirmation given by a con- tractor to the Government regarding the nature, usefulness, or condition of the supplies or performance of services furnished under the contract.
225
“Waste reduction”
means preventing or decreasing the amount of waste being generated through waste prevention, recycling, or purchasing recycled and environmentally pref- erable products.
226
“Water consumption intensity”
means water consumption per square foot of building space.
227
“Women-owned small business concern”
means— (1) A small business concern— (i) That is at least 51 percent owned by one or more women; or, in the case of any publicly owned business, at least 51 percent of the stock of which is owned by one or more women; and (ii) Whose management and daily business opera- tions are controlled by one or more women; or (2) A small business concern eligible under the Women- Owned Small Business Program in accordance with 13 CFR part 127 (see subpart 19.15).
228
“Women-Owned Small Business (WOSB) Program.” (1) “Women-Owned Small Business Program (WOSB Pro- gram)”
means a program that authorizes contracting officers to limit competition to— (i) Eligible economically disadvantaged women- owned small business concerns for Federal contracts assigned a North American Industry Classification Systems (NAICS) code in an industry in which the Small Business Administra- tion (SBA) has determined that WOSB concerns are under- represented in Federal procurement; and (ii) Eligible WOSB concerns eligible under the WOSB Program for Federal contracts assigned a NAICS code in an industry in which SBA has determined that WOSB con- cerns are substantially underrepresented. (2)
229
“Economically disadvantaged women-owned small business (EDWOSB) concern”
means a small business con- cern that is at least 51 percent directly and unconditionally owned by, and the management and daily business operations of which are controlled by, one or more women who are citi- zens of the United States and who are economically disadvan- taged in accordance with 13 CFR part 127. It automatically qualifies as a women-owned small business concern eligible under the WOSB Program. (3)
230
“Women-owned small business (WOSB)” concern eligible under the WOSB Program
means a small business concern that is at least 51 percent directly and unconditionally owned by, and the management and daily business operations of which are controlled by, one or more women who are citi- zens of the United States (13 CFR part 127).
231
Subpart 2.2—Definitions Clause 2.201 Contract clause.
Insert the clause at 52.202-1, Definitions, in solicitations and contracts that exceed the simplified acquisition threshold.
232
“Catalog price”
means a price included in a cata- log, price list, schedule, or other form that is regularly main- tained by the manufacturer or vendor, is either published or otherwise available for inspection by customers, and states prices at which sales are currently, or were last, made to a sig- nificant number of buyers constituting the general public; and (ii)
233
“Market prices”
means current prices that are established in the course of ordinary trade between buyers and sellers free to bargain and that can be substantiated through competition or from sources independent of the offerors. (7) Any item, combination of items, or service referred to in paragraphs (1) through (6) of this definition, notwithstanding the fact that the item, combination of items, or service is transferred between or among separate divisions, subsidiaries, or affiliates of a contractor; or (8) A nondevelopmental item, if the procuring agency determines the item was developed exclusively at private expense and sold in substantial quantities, on a competitive basis, to multiple State and local governments.
234
“Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS)” item—
(1) Means any item of supply (including construction material) that is— (i) A commercial item (as defined in paragraph (1) of the definition in this section); (ii) Sold in substantial quantities in the commercial marketplace; and (iii) Offered to the Government, under a contract or subcontract at any tier, without modification, in the same form in which it is sold in the commercial marketplace; and (2) Does not include bulk cargo, as defined in section 3 of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. App. 1702), such as agricultural products and petroleum products.
