Part 2 - Renaissance

Question 1

When was the printing press created and what did it allow people to do?

Answer 1

1451, allowed people to read ancient texts and about new discoveries

Question 2

5 impacts of the renaissance and how they impacted?

Answer 2

• New lands explored due to more accurate maps and discovering new things from new world
• Printing press allowed ideas to spread easily
• Art - realistic human drawings helped understand how body worked
• New inventions like gunpowder = new ways to treat wounds
• New learning - scientific methods of learning - observation, hypothesis and experimentation

Question 3

What did Vesalius do? 3

Answer 3

• Popular lectures and encouraged human body dissection as way to learn more
• Discovered Galen’s mistakes as he dissected animals and linked to human anatomy but criticised
• Researched bloodletting

Question 4

What did Vesalius produce?

Answer 4

Illustrate anatomy books in The Fabric of the Human Body 1543, precise human body drawings - skeleton, nerves, veins, digestion, reproduction

Question 5

3 impacts of Vesalius in England?

Answer 5

• Printer called Genius copied all V’s illustrations by 1545 in ‘Compendiosa’ and sold for barber-surgeons in London, very popular, inspiring an influential
• Used ‘Renaissance’ approach to overturn beliefs in Galen’s anatomy
• Basis for others to learn, showed other how to direct and discover more about human body

Question 6

What did Pare do? 4

Answer 6

• Wrote book about new ways to treat wounds 1545, when treating soldiers with cream on gunshot wound and healed quickly
• Promoted use of ligatures in amputations instead of cauterising, designed ‘Bec de Corbin’ to stop bleeding
• Designed false limbs for amputees
• Produced ‘Anatomy Universelle’ 1561 and ‘Works on Surgery’ 1575

Question 7

2 impacts of Pare in England?

Answer 7

• ‘Work on Surgery’ read by many English surgeons

- Many 16th century Eng surgeons started using Pare’s Renaissance approach

Question 8

What did Harvey do? 3

Answer 8

• 1616, commented on blood moving in constant circle, against Galen’s ideas
• Studied human hearts - experimented by pumping liquid wrong way through values in veins - proved blood could only circulate one way
• Published ‘De Motu Cordis’ 1628, findings about ideas about blood circulation

Question 9

4 reactions to Harvey?

Answer 9

• Some ignored or rejected his ideas as against Galen’s
• Within lifetime, many accepted theories
• Theories needed to be built on, further scientific study
• Without understanding blood circulation, many modern medical treatments wouldn’t work