part 3

Question 1

Elders more susceptible to

Aging result in a decrease of

Adult age 70 years and older have

Answer 1

upper respiratory system

-decrease cough reflex, higher risk for aspiration

Less elasticity in lungs

Question 2

-Osteoporosis may cause what in older people

Answer 2

cause kyphosis which (impinges on lung expansion)

Question 3

the total body water decrease

what happens when this happens

Answer 3

total body water lowers to 50% after age 70,

making mucous and respiratory membranes less moist and much thicker

Question 4

connective tissue changes and loss of elastic tissue in the alveoli cause the

Answer 4

-Alveoli become baggy

Question 5

the level of O2 decrease in older adults

Answer 5

-PO2 drops to 75-80 mmHg

Question 6

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

Answer 6

Hypoxemia

Question 7

Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 7

Hypercapnia

Question 8

Diffusion

movement of CO2 and O2 across alveolar-capillary membrane

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

Lung elasticity

Answer 9

Elastance

Question 10

An insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.

Answer 10

Hypoxia

Question 11

delivery of fluid through blood vessels to body’s tissues

Answer 11

Perfusion

Question 12

force working against passage of air major determinant is radius of the airway

Answer 12

Resistance

Question 13

the movement of blood across the atria or ventricles of the heart

Answer 13

shunting

Question 14

the ability of the lung to distend in response to changes in volume and pressure of inhaled air

____first increase and then _____ w/ the age as the lung become stiffer and chest wall more rigid

Answer 14

lung compliance

increase

Question 15

a complex lipoprotein production by cells lining the alveoli, which lower surface tension w/in the alveoli

Answer 15

surfactant

Question 16

what does the surfactant prevent

Answer 16

collapse of the lung by stabilizing the alveoli and decreasing capillary pressure

Question 17

the movement of air from the external environment to the gas exchange unit of the lung and back to the environment

Answer 17

ventilation

Question 18

what can respiratory disorder

Answer 18

trauma or diseases

nerves controlling respiration

diffusion of O2 or CO2

Question 19

tobacco smoke
allergens
poisonous gases and other toxic substance can lead to

Answer 19

chronic inflammation
obstructive disease
tumors

Question 20

what are some Factors that Increase Risk for Respiratory Infection

what age has an increase risk for infection

Answer 20

Older than 65 years of age

Cigarette smoking

Residing in extended-care facilities

Chronic respiratory disorders (includes asthma)

Congenital or chronic cardiovascular disorders

Chronic renal disease

Diabetes mellitus or a chronic metabolic disorder

Compromised immune response

Question 21

Older than 65 years of age

Cigarette smoking

Residing in extended-care facilities

Chronic respiratory disorders (includes asthma)

Congenital or chronic
cardiovascular disorders

Chronic renal disease

Diabetes mellitus or a chronic metabolic disorder

Compromised immune response

Answer 21

are some Factors that Increase Risk for Respiratory Infection

Question 22

what are the two major types ventilatory disease

Answer 22

restrictive and obstructive

Question 23

are characterized by decreases lung capacity or complicance

Answer 23

restrictive disease

Question 24

Collapsed lung

Answer 24

pneumothorax

Question 25

pneumothorax diminishes lung surface which cause the neuromuscular to do what? -which also causes the lung to do what ? and some other type of neuromuscular and some other type of lung disorder

Answer 25

neuromuscular disorders weaken the strength of the muscle respiration increase stiffness and decrease lung volume myasthenia gravis pneumonia and atelectasis and fibrosis

Question 26

diseases are characterized by problem moving air into and out of the lung

Answer 26

obstructive disease

Question 27

narrowing of the opening in the tracheobronchial tree increase resistance to the flow of air make it difficult for

Answer 27

it makes it difficult for O2 to enter and contributing to air` trapping and therefore exhalation is also difficult

Question 28

what are some example of obstructive lung disease tumor in the lung can also

Answer 28

asthma emphysema and chronic bronchitis obstruct airflow to the alveoli

Question 29

what are some way to Preventing Respiratory Disorders number one way to prevent infection is ? when should you stay out of crowds? what should they refrain from (sean dads)? what should they avoid if you know you have it ? what should they maintain and get ?

Answer 29

Practice hand hygiene frequently. Stay out of crowds, especially during cold and flu season. Refrain from smoking. Avoid known allergens as much as possible. Maintain adequate nutrition and obtain sufficient rest; helps keep the immune system healthy.

Question 30

"five A's" to quite smoking

Answer 30

ASK about Tobacco use ``` ADVISE about the health benefits of quitting . ASSESS readiness to quit . ASSIST in creating a plan . ARRANGE follow-up ```

Question 31

what help the pt identify the personal

Answer 31

``` RELEVANCE RISKS REWARD ROADBLOCK REPEAT ```

Question 32

A complete CBC count, HCT and HGB is done to determine

Answer 32

any deficiency in the O2-carrying capacity of the blood

Question 33

what type test are usually order when the pt has lower respiratory tract problem that does not resolve quickly

Answer 33

Anterior-posterior lateral chest radiograph

Question 34

what are you looking for when you are doing a visual examination of the nose, mouth, and thoart

Answer 34

``` pallor redness swelling polyps mucus coca ```

Question 35

paranasal sinuses are assess for

Answer 35

observing for purulent discharge in the nares by palpating over the sinus area for tenderness

Question 36

how do Dx for sinus

Answer 36

radiographs are order | MRI

Question 37

what is the most common reason for culturing pharyngeal secretion

Answer 37

is to establish a definitive Dx of infection of Streptococcus pyogen= strep throat

Question 38

what test is taking when TB is suspected And when is taking

Answer 38

Sputum testing for acid-fast bacilli when the pt awaken in the morning

Question 39

pulmonary function test are useful in

Answer 39

screening for gross abnormalities in the respiratory system

Question 40

pt w/ asthma or copd use what type of meter and what is the normal range

Answer 40

peak flowmeter 300 to 700L

Question 41

when tumor is suspected a lung biopsy may be obtained by

Answer 41

bronchoscopy or thoracoscopy

Question 42

what are you observing for when you have a thoracotomy done and you should assess for what and what can you not give and if surgery biopsy what are you monitoring for

Answer 42

sputum for blood and monitoring you are assess gag flex and nothing by mouth bleeding SOB infection