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Biology 1 REVIEW > PART 3 😥 > Flashcards

PART 3 😥 Flashcards

1
Q

Larger then the normal molecule

A

Biomolecules

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2
Q

Present in all living organisms

A

Biomolecules

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3
Q

They all contain carbon

A

Biomolecules

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4
Q

The four main types of Biomolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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5
Q

Type of Biomolecule that is the main source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

Type of Biomolecule that contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen respectively

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

A simple Carbohydrate that only has one/simple sugar

A

Monosaccharides

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8
Q

Composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide (simple sugar) units linked together.

A

Oligosaccharides

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9
Q

Composed of more than 10 monosaccharide units, often hundreds or thousands.

A

Polysaccharides

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10
Q

Type of carbohydrate that usually ends with -ose (ex: Glucose, Galactose)

A

Monosaccharides

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11
Q

Type of carbohydrate that only attaches one hydroxyl group with a carbonyl group

A

Monosaccharides

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12
Q

These are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different orientation

A

Isomers

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13
Q

These are non-polar; thus, there are hydrophobic and insoluble

A

Lipids

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14
Q

These are long term in energy sources, lubricants, protections, and hormone precursors

A

Lipids

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15
Q

The main storage form of Lipids

A

Triglycerides

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16
Q

The main storage form of Lipids

A

Triglycerides

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17
Q

What is the composition of Triglycerides

A

Glycerol
3 fatty acids

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18
Q

A type of fatty acid the goes on a straight line and is only single bonded (no carbon double bond)

A

Saturated

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19
Q

A type of fatty acid that has one or more carbon double bonds; hence, there is a kink or easy known as a bending

A

Unsaturated

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20
Q

If it is a liquid in room temperature it is…

A

unsaturated

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21
Q

If it is a solid in room temperature it is…

A

Saturated

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22
Q

When there is hydrogenation found in processed food

A

Transfat

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23
Q

Tails of two fatty acids and is a phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

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24
Q

Four fused rings of carbon with a different functional groups attached

A

Steroids

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25
A subgroup of steroids and these are important for the structure and function of cell membranes
Sterols
26
Most common type of sterol
Cholesterol
27
The synthesis of hormones
Cholesterol
28
The gland that is for hormone production and release
Pituitary Gland
29
Two types of cholesterol
HDL and LDL
30
Full name of HDL and LDL
High Density Lipoprotein Low Density Lipoprotein
31
The hardening or narrowing of the arteries
atherosclerosis
32
It is very dense; hence, brings the LDL to remove the plack build yp
HDL
33
It is considered to be bad as it builds up on the well of the artery and goes in a high velocity
LDL
34
These are long chains of alcohol surrounded by a fatty acid by an ester bond
Waxes
35
A bond between an alcohol and an acid
Ester bond
36
a type of covalent bond that connects to a carbohydrate molecule to another molecule
Glycosidic Linkage
37
a type of covalent bond that connects to a carbohydrate molecule to another molecule
Glycosidic Linkage
38
Formed through a condensation reaction where a hydroxyl group of one sugar reacts with the carbon linked releasing a molecule of H20
Glycosidic linkage
39
Starch and glycogen are examples of an…
Energy Storing Polysaccharide
40
Cellulose, Lignin, Chitin, Pectin are examples of…
Structural Polysaccharide
41
What is the primary structure of proteins ?
A sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide
42
What is the secondary structure of proteins?
Produced by twists and turns of yhe amino acid chain
43
Rigid and Rod-like
Alpha Helix
44
Hydrogen bond stabilizes and makes coils rigid and barbed
Beta-pleated sheet
45
This is the folding of the amino acid chain, with its secondary structures into all in all a three-dimensional shape of a protein. (confirmation)
Tertiary Structure
46
This is the folding of the amino acid chain, with its secondary structures into all in all a three-dimensional shape of a protein. (confirmation)
Tertiary Structure
47
The protein can change/alter its own structure
Renaturation
48
Changes through heat and cannot go back to it’s structure
Denaturation
49
The arrangement of polypeptide chains in a protein that is formed from more than one
Quaternary Structure
50
That catalyze chemical reactions
Enzymes
51
Involves molecular motion and the collision of substances with the active site
Enzyme Catalysis
52
Involves molecular motion and the collision of substances with the active site
Enzyme Catalysis
53
Enzymes can be denatured T o F
True
54
Linked into nucleic chains by covalent binds between a sugar and a phosphate group forming nucleic acids
Nucleotides
55
The three inputs of nucleic acids
Nitrogenous base Five - Carbon sugar One to three phosphate groups
56
The three inputs of nucleic acids
Nitrogenous base Five - Carbon sugar One to three phosphate groups
57
Types of Nucleic Acids and their full names
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
58
The nucleobases of RNA are…
1) Cytosine 2) Guanine 3) Adenine 4) Uracil
59
The nucleobases of DNA are…
1) Cytosine 2) Guanine 3) Adenine 4) Thymine
60
The two nitrogenous bases
Pyrimidines, Purines
61
Components of Pyrimidines
1 Carbon - Nitrogen Ring Uracil Thymine Cytosine
62
Components of Purines
2 Carbon - Nitrogen rings Adenine Guanine
63
Components of Purines
2 Carbon - Nitrogen rings Adenine Guanine
64
Nitrogenous bases link covalently to either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA. T o F
True
65
Nitrogenous bases link covalently to either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA. T o F
True
66
Double Stranded DNA Two nucleotide chains wrapped around each other forming a spiral
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
67
“Hybrid” double helices Exists as a single but large polynucleotide chains
Ribonucleic Acid
68
Types of Ribonucleic Acid
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Biology 1 REVIEW (3 decks)

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