Part 3: 1st module

Question 1

Decreased Erythrocytes

Answer 1

Anemia

Question 2

Increased Erythrocytes

Answer 2

Erythrocytosis

Question 3

Decreases reticulocytes

Answer 3

Reticulopenia

Question 4

Increased reticulocytes

Answer 4

Reticulocytosis

Question 5

Decreased Leukocytes

Answer 5

Leukopenia

Question 6

Increased Leukocytes

Answer 6

Leukocytosis

Question 7

Decreased Neutrophils

Answer 7

Neutropenia

Question 8

Increased Neutrophils

Answer 8

Neutrophilia

Question 9

Decreased Lymphocytes

Answer 9

Lymphopenia

Question 10

Increased Lymphocytes

Answer 10

Lymphocytosis

Question 11

Decreased Monocytes

Answer 11

Monocytopenia

Question 12

Increased Monocytes

Answer 12

Monocytosis

Question 13

Decreased Eosinophils

Answer 13

Eosinopenia

Question 14

Increased Eosinophils

Answer 14

Eosinophilia

Question 15

decreased Basophils

Answer 15

Basopenia

Question 16

Increased Basophils

Answer 16

Basophilia

Question 17

Decreased platelets

Answer 17

Thrombocytopenia

Question 18

Increased Platelets

Answer 18

Thrombocytosis

Question 19

Both the red blood cells and leukocytes present in the circulation are produced largely in the?

Answer 19

bone marrow

Question 20

Both the red blood cells and leukocytes are theorized to arise from a common stem cell ___________________ which under a series of differentiation produces the red cells and Leukocytes

Answer 20

pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell

Question 21

comprises the leukocytes carried in the circulation

Answer 21

Circulating pool

Question 22

correspond to a general increase in the number of leukocytes in the circulation, irrespective of the leukocyte cell type involved (usually elevated neutrophils count)

Answer 22

Leukocytosis

Question 23

Is the reverse or the general reduction in Leukocyte numbers

Answer 23

Leukopenia

Question 24

comprises the leukocyte that are present at the periphery of blood vessels

Answer 24

Marginal pool

Question 25

those leukocytes which are at the bone marrow awaiting differentiation and release, including those at other lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes and spleen.

Answer 25

Marrow pool

Question 26

are produced in the bone marrow, released into the peripheral blood and migrate into the tissues.

Answer 26

Granulocytes

Question 27

normally progresses in the bone marrow in an orderly fashion from blast cell to mature granulocyte

Answer 27

Granulopoiesis

Question 28

can maintain itself against continual removal of cells into the differential proliferation pool; reconstitute itself if depletion occurs; and depending upon the demand, can increase cell production

Answer 28

Stem cell pool

Question 29

is not self-sustaining; made up myeloblast, pro granulocytes, and large and small myelocytes, and large and small myelocytes (the larger cells form a dividing pool that supplies cells to the maturation pool)

Answer 29

Differential proliferating pool

Question 30

it is not self-sustaining; made up of metamyelocyte band cells, and mature segmented granulocytes; no DNA synthesis occurs

Answer 30

Non-proliferating or maturation pool

Question 31

phagocytes of small particles, e.g. pyogenic bacteria

Answer 31

neutrophils

Question 32

the general causes of neutropenia are related to alteration in the bone marrow and are known as the three D's.

Answer 32

1. Degeneration (ineffective granulopoiesis) 2. Depression (reduced granulopoiesis) 3. Depletion (reduced survival in blood)

Question 33

the result of a condition that causes deficiency in bone marrow activity that results in an inability to mature neutrophils

Answer 33

Degeneration

Question 34

results when the marrow loses its ability to produce neutrophils in response to peripheral demands

Answer 34

depression

Question 35

this alteration is characterized by a diminished number of neutrophils with zero or very few immature neutrophils in peripheral blood.

Answer 35

Depression

Question 36

occurs when the demand of leukocytes is such that the marrow's storage pool is exhausted and the compensatory functional reaction has not yet be manifest

Answer 36

Depletion

Question 37

is a term used to denote an increase in the number of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

Answer 37

Shift to the left

Question 38

is characterized by an absolute increase in neutrophils accompanied by the appearance of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

Answer 38

regenerative left shift

Question 39

is manifested by a slight to moderate increase in the number of band neutrophils

Answer 39

slight left shift

Question 40

may include a few metamyelocytes and many band cells

Answer 40

moderate left shift

Question 41

characterized by an increasing number of metamyelocytes with the occasional appearance of myelocytes and possibly some promyelocytes

Answer 41

marked shift

Question 42

there is a normal, low, or falling total leukocyte count accompanied by a moderate to marked shift to the left, with the absolute number of immature neutrophils frequently exceeding the number of mature neutrophils

Answer 42

degenerative left shift

Question 43

this alteration is a result of the inability of bone marrow to produce mature cells in response to infection and as a result there is a proportional increase in immature neutrophils in the blood.

Answer 43

Degenerative left shift

Question 44

found in the respiratory and gastro intestinal tract linings, where they act as detoxifiers; mobilized at site of Ag-Ab reactions in response to mediators released from basophils and mast cells

Answer 44

Eosinophils

Question 45

eosinophilia is seen in the following conditions

Answer 45

1. reflection of hypersensitivity in conditions such as PARASITISM and ALLERGIC REACTIONS 2. Anaphylactic reactions 3. adrenocortical insufficiency 4. Recovery stages of some acute infections 5. Granulocytic eosinophilic leukemias 6. Neoplasms of the ovary 7. Eosinophilic myositis 8. Splenectomy in the dog 9. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the dog 10. Eosinophilic granuloma in the cat 11. Association w/ estrus in some dogs

Question 46

its function is not entirely known; granules contain heparin, histamine and a platelet activating factor

Answer 46

Basophils

Question 47

Lymphopoiesis occurs in __________ in __________, ___________ and other lymphoid organs.

Answer 47

thymus in neonates, bone marrow