Part 1: 1st Module

Question 1

What is Clinical Pathology?

Answer 1

Deals with diagnosis of disease by laboratory means. It involves the collection and examination of body fluids and interpretations of laboratory findings. It is applied in both animals and humans

Question 2

contain reducing agents to prevent oxidation

Answer 2

Stuart’s medium

Question 3

it is used to neutralize certain bacterial inhibitors

Answer 3

charcoal

Question 4

Best example of tissue to collet

Answer 4

Collect tissues immediately after death. Live sick animals presented for necropsy

Question 5

Supplies needed for specimen collection and transport

Answer 5

✓ Viral transfer medium (VTM) w/ sterile swabs in zip-locked bag
✓ Dry ice/ ice packs
✓ cold box/styrofoam
✓ pre-printed barcode
✓ glove, mask, and lab gowns
✓ tongue depressor
✓ rapid diagnostic test kit

Question 6

it is the most common used site for blood collection in the horse, cattle, sheep, goat, camel and large wild mammals; used occasionally in small animals

Answer 6

Jugular vein

Question 7

should be used for blood sample

Answer 7

✓ vacutainer tube
✓ vacutainer needle
✓ syringe
✓ needle holder
✓ disinfectant

Question 8

The most commonly used site for collection of small amount of blood in the dog. By constricting the area on the dorsal aspects of the fore limb at the level of the elbow which can be raised beginning just above the carpal vein.

Answer 8

Cephalic vein

Question 9

can be used in small dog, pig, cat and small lab animals (small dog, rabbit, guinea pig, and monkey).

Answer 9

Ear vein

Question 10

site that can be used in small dog, puppy, guinea pig etc.

Answer 10

toe or toe nail

Question 11

site the can be used in pig, cattle, sheep, rat and mouse

Answer 11

tail

Question 12

commonest method used in the rat and mouse. a small transverse incision with a razor blade produce drops of blood.

Answer 12

Amputation

Question 13

method that is used on the coccygeal vein on the ventral side

Answer 13

Venipuncture

Question 14

site that can be used in animals like bird, fish, and others.

Answer 14

Heart

Question 15

Site that used in dog, cat, small mammals, rat etc.

Answer 15

Femoral or Tibial vessels

Question 16

site used for dairy cattle

Answer 16

Mammary vein

Question 17

site used for the pigs

Answer 17

Anterior vena cava

Question 18

a best method for obtaining a large quantity of blood (1ml) in mouse

Answer 18

Retro orbital Venus plexus

Question 19

this technique is reported to be less traumatic than others

Answer 19

Retro orbital Venus plexus

Question 20

short filled tubes of EDTA cause?

Answer 20

false increase in total plasma protein content and a false decrease in PCV and RBC count

Question 21

In most animals up to _____ ml/kg blood collection has no any adverse effect.

Answer 21

0.5

Question 22

are for tests requiring clotted blood

Answer 22

Red-stopper tubes

Question 23

container EDTA in concentrated liquid or dessicated powder form

Answer 23

Lavender stopper tubes

Question 24

contain heparin and are used for blood gases, pH (CO2, 02)

Answer 24

Green stopper tubes

Question 25

contain oxalates, fluorides or citrates

Answer 25

Gray stopper tubes

Question 26

available with Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) solution or physiological saline solution

Answer 26

Yellow stopper tubes

Question 27

Recommended for routine hematological procedures, preserve cellular elements better

Answer 27

EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid)

Question 28

it form insoluble Ca salts

Answer 28

EDTA

Question 29

May shrinks cell because Na salt is less soluble

Answer 29

EDTA

Question 30

it's mode of action is Antithrombin and antithromboplastin

Answer 30

Heparin

Question 31

Less effect on RBC hemolysis used for blood gas analysis

Answer 31

Heparin

Question 32

may cause clumping of WBC, unsuitable for smears, as it interferes with stain ability of WBC expensive

Answer 32

Heparin

Question 33

Combine with Ca to form an insoluble Ca salt

Answer 33

Na citrate

Question 34

can be used for blood transfusion

Answer 34

Na citrate

Question 35

interferes with many chemical tests, shrink cells

Answer 35

Na citrate

Question 36

Units with Ca to form insoluble calcium oxalate

Answer 36

Potassium oxalate

Question 37

causes shrinkage, it increase the volume of blood

Answer 37

Potassium oxalate

Question 38

Very soluble

Answer 38

Potassium oxalate

Question 39

units with Ca to form insoluble calcium oxalate

Answer 39

Sodium oxalate

Question 40

Used mainly for prothrombin time

Answer 40

Sodium oxalate

Question 41

amount required for EDTA

Answer 41

10-20 mg (1ml)

Question 42

Amount required for Heparin

Answer 42

1-2 mg (0.2 ml)

Question 43

Amount required for Na citrate

Answer 43

10-20 mg (1ml)

Question 44

Amount required for Potassium oxalate

Answer 44

20mg (2 drops)

Question 45

amount required for sodium oxalate

Answer 45

20mg

Question 46

color of erythrocytes in Cytoplasm and Chromatin

Answer 46

Yellow to pinkish- Purple

Question 47

color Lymphocytes in Cytoplasm and Chromatin

Answer 47

Blue- Purplish red

Question 48

strain color of monocytes in Cytoplasm and Chromatin

Answer 48

Light blue- Purple

Question 49

strain color of Basophils in Cytoplasm

Answer 49

Dark purple granules

Question 50

Stain color of Heterophils/Neutrophils in Cytoplasm and Chromatin

Answer 50

yellow to brownish red rods- light purple

Question 51

stain color of thrombocytes in Cytoplasm and Chromatin

Answer 51

Grey-blue - Purple