Part 4

Question 1

77. What medicine irreversibly paralyses platelets?

Answer 1

Aspirin

Question 2

78. What will be the management of Aspirin poisoning/overdose as it affects the platelets?

Answer 2

Blood transfusion cover for the next 7 days

Question 3

79. What exposure makes the platelets adhere to each other in an injury to the blood vessel?


Answer 3

Exposure to collagen

Question 4

80. What factor has to be p[resent in the Collagen for the platelets to exhibit the “Platelet plug”?


Answer 4

Von Willebrand factor


Question 5

81. What is the commonest inherited/Hereditary clotting disorder in human beings that is usually an accidental finding?

Answer 5

Von willebrands disease

Question 6

82. What is bound to Von Willebrand factor?


Answer 6

Factor 8 (anti hemophilic factor)

Question 7

83. What is clotting/coagulation?


Answer 7

Conversion of Fibrinogen into a Fibrin network with the help of over a dozen clotting/coagulation factors


Question 8

84. What is the only electrolyte that is a clotting factor?

Answer 8

Calcium

Question 9

85. This organ serves as the graveyard of the RBCs:

Answer 9

Spleen

Question 10

Characteristics of the spleen

Answer 10

Spleen has the narrowest capillaries of the Human Body. Red blood cells older than 120 days lose their flexibility and get lysed as they travel through the capillaries of the Spleen.


Question 11

86. What is the life span of RBCs?


Answer 11

120 days

Question 12

87. ABO system of Blood grouping:


Answer 12

Preformed antibodies are present

Question 13

88. Rh system of Blood grouping:


Answer 13

• Preformed antibodies are not present
- Prior exposure is required for the
formation of antibodies against the Rh
antigen


Question 14

89. Anemia:

Answer 14

Compromised oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Question 15

90. Anemia can be a life threatening disorder in people who already have an

Answer 15

Ischemic condition

Question 16

91. Ischemia:

Answer 16

A state of inadequate blood supply to a tissue / organ

Question 17

92. Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary

Answer 17

hypercoagulability disorder amongst Eurasians.


Question 18

93. Platelets originate from the

Answer 18

Megacaryocyte

Question 19

94. What kind of cells are platelets?

Answer 19

They are not cells but rather “cell fragments”

Question 20

95. Phases of Hemostasis:
A
B
C
D
E

Answer 20

a. Vasospasm/Vasoconstriction
b. Platelet plug
c. Coagulation/Clotting
d. Clot retraction
e. Clot Lysis

Question 21

Phases of Hemostasis:

Coagulation / clotting

Answer 21

Fibrinogen with the help of over one dozen clotting factors changes into a fibrin network

Question 22

Phases of Hemostasis:

Clot retraction

Answer 22

Serum is released

Question 23

Phases of Hemostasis:

Clot lysis

Answer 23

Accomplished by activating “Plasminogen” to “Plasmin” that breaks down the clot


Question 24

96. The phases of Clotting/Coagulation: 
A

Answer 24

a. Extrinsic pathway of Clotting/coagulation: is initiated in an environment outside the blood vessel.
- The first step is the release of the Tissue factor
- Vitamin K is processed by the Liver that leads to the development of clotting factors 2,7,9& 10. (produced in the Liver)

Question 25

The phases of clotting / coagulation | B

Answer 25

b. Intrinsic pathway of Clotting/Coagulation: Is initiated inside the blood vessel
 

 


Question 26

The phases of clotting / coagulation | C

Answer 26

c. The intrinsic & extrinsic pathway meet at the common pathway that starts at factor 10.


Question 27

The phases of clotting / coagulation D What vitamin is an Anti-coagulant?

Answer 27

Vitamin e

Question 28

The phases of clotting / coagulation | E

Answer 28

e. DIC: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation – UTI (prolonged catheterization) – Septic Shock – DIC – death


Question 29

The phases of clotting / coagulation: f: Classical presentations of Coagulation disorder:

Answer 29


Intact skin: Late re-bleeding
 | Breached skin: uncontrollable bleeding.


Question 30

97. Preformed antibodies are present in the

Answer 30

ABO system of blood grouping

Question 31

98. Preformed antibodies are not present in the

Answer 31

Rh system of blood grouping

Question 32

99. Universal Blood Donor is blood group:

Answer 32

O negative

Question 33

100. Universal Blood Recipient is blood group:

Answer 33

AB positive

Question 34

76. What is the life span of platelets?

Answer 34

7 days

Question 35

Clotting/coagulation: The test that evaluates the extrinsic pathway:

Answer 35

Prothrombin time

Question 36

these factors are called “vitamin K dependent factors.

Answer 36

2,7,9,10

Question 37

Anti-Vitamin K medications

Answer 37

Warfarin / Coumadin

Question 38

What is the management of Liver failure (with reference to clotting/coagulation?)


Answer 38

Blood transfusion/fresh frozen plasma/clotting factors 2,7,9 & 10.

Question 39

Clotting / coagulation: The test that evaluates the intrinsic pathway:

Answer 39

aPTT/PTT time

Question 40

Clotting / coagulation What naturally occurring anti-coagulant blocks the Intrinsic pathway:

Answer 40

Heparin

Question 41

What is the antidote of Heparin? 


Answer 41

Protamine sulfate

Question 42

aPTT and PTT stand for?

Answer 42

aPTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time
PTT: Partial thromboplastin time

Question 43

Clotting / coagulation: Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are initiated where?

Answer 43

Extrinsic = outside the blood vessel Intrinsic = inside the blood vessel

Question 44

Clotting / coagulation Vitamin K dependent pathway.

Answer 44

extrinsic pathway